Roger I. 1031-1101. Brother, ally of Robert Guiscard. Ruled Two Sicilies 1085-.

Roundhead. Derisory term applied to Parliamentarians during English Civil War.

Runge, Friedlieb. 1795-1867. German. Phenol from coal 1833. Carbolic acid 1834. Paper chromatography.

Russell, Bertrand. 1872-1970. English mathematician, liberal philosopher, logician, pacifist. Believed in human reason. Founded CND. Principles of Mathematics 1910-13. History of Western Philosophy 1945.

Saarinen, Eliel. 1873-1950. Finnish/US modern architect, teacher. Palace of League of Nations (Geneva) 1927.

Saint-Just, Louis de. 1767-94. French revolutionary leader. Ally of Robespierre.

Salieri, Antonio. 1750-1825. Austrian court composer. Operas.

Salonika Campaign. 1915-18. Allies take Serbia, Romania. Force Constantine I to abdicate.

San Ildefonso, Treaty. 1796. France, Spain allied vs England. 1801 Secret exchange: Louisiana to France, Etruria to Spain.

Schlieffen Plan. 1905 German military strategy to conquer France. Failed in WWI but succeeded in WWII.

Schliemann, Heinrich. 1822-90. German amateur archeologist. Discovered Troy 1871, Mycenae 1875.

Schubert, Franz. 1797-1828. Austrian Romantic symphonic composer of lyrical beauty. Created German lieder. “The most poetic of musicians”-Liszt. A Minor Symphony 1822. Unfinished Symphony1822.

Schwarzenberg, Karl, Fürst zu. 1771-1820. Austrian. Commanded with Napoleon in Russia. Later led Allies vs Napoleon.

Scutage. -14C. Payment by vassal to Lord in lieu of military service.

Sebastapol, Siege. 1854. 11 mos. Allied Crimean War victory. First trench warfare. Florence Nightingale.

Second Front. 1944 Allied attack from west.

Shakespeare, William. 1564-1616. English dramatic poet. Master of language, characters, perception.Titus Andronicus c1593. Romeo and Juliet c1594. Hamlet c1602. Othello c1604. King Lear c1606. Lover’s Complaint c1609. Sonnets 1609. Tempest 1611.

Shang. c1766-c1122BC. Chinese dynasty. Earliest verified by archeological evidence. = Yin.

Sherman Anti-Trust Act. 1890 US. Prohibits monopolies, restraint of trade.

Shi’ite. Major Moslem sect believing in Mahdi at the millenium. Official religion of Iran. Sunni. Fatimid. Assassin. Druze. Ali.

Sicily. c1100BC Sicans. Sicels. Mycenaean. 7C BC Phoenicia(W)/ Gr(E). 241BC Rome. 5C Ostrogoth. 6C Byzantine. 827 Saracen. 1072 Norman. 1130 +Naples. 1197 Hohenstaufen. 1266-82 France. 1302 Aragon. 1443 +Naples=Two Sicilies. 1860 Italy.

Slavophile. 19C Russian intellectual movement. Believed in superiority of Russian culture.

Smith Act. 1940. Alien Registration Act.

Social War. 90-89BC. Tribal rebellion. Rome grants citizenship to all allies.

Socialist Party. 1901-30. US party advocating socialism based on earlier Social Democratic and Social Labor (1876) Parties. Ideas applied to New Deal.

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