Marquette, Jacques. 1637-75. French explorer of Mississippi, 1673. Joliet.

Marshall Plan. 1948-52. European Recovery Program. US supplied $12B goods, loans, grants. Rejected by COMECON as ’dollar imperialism’.

Maximilian I. 1756-1825. Bavarian king 1806-. Allied with Napoleon. Consolidated Bavaria. Opposed German unification.

Melba, Nellie. 1861-1931. Australian operatic soprano.

Mesmer, Friedrich. 1734-1815. Austrian hypnotist. “animal magnetism” 1767. Earliest psychotherapist.

Millenialism. Belief in the Millenium, 1000 Year reign of Christ before world ends.

Molière, Jean-Baptiste. 1622-73. French comedy actor, playwright. School for Wives 1662. Tartuffe 1664. Don Juan 1665. Misanthrope. Died in role of Malade Imaginaire.

Monopolies. 1597- Granted by English crown. Abolished by Parliament 1624, 39.

Montagnards. 1792-5. French revolutionary extremists led by Robespierre. Terror. Plain.

Montgomery, Bernard. 1887-1976. British Field Marshal. Commanded Allies in France, 1944. Defeated Rommel at El Alamein 1942.

Moravia, Alberto. 1907-90. Italian novelist of social alienation. The Conformist 1951.

Moscow Conferences. 1942,3,4,5. Allied meetings during WWII.

Moscow Declaration. 1943 Allies declare need for International peacekeeping organization...UN. 1956 Officially ends WWII between USSR and Japan.

Mountbatten, Louis, First earl. 1900-79. British admiral and statesman. Allied commander SE Asia. Last Viceroy of India. Killed by IRA terrorists.

Muckrakers. 1906-12. US reporters expose corruption. Sinclair. Collier. McClure.

Mussolini, Benito. Il Duce. 1883-1945. Italian Fascist dictator 1922-. Seized Abyssinia 1935. Allied with Germany WWII. Shot.

Naples. 758BC settled. 326BC Rome. 1072 Norman. 1130 +Sicily. 1282 -Sicily. 1443 +Sicily under Aragon= Two Sicilies. 1799-1806 Parthenopean Republic. 1861 Italy.

National Covenant. 1638. Oath to maintain Scottish Presbyterianism against Charles I episcopacy. 1638-90. Presbyterians persecuted in Scotland. 1643-67 Solemn League allied with Parliament in Civil War. 1647-supported Charles. 1661 illegal.

Navarino, Battle. 1827. Greeks/Allies naval defeat of Egypt/Turks.

Neoclassical. 17-18C. French-originated revival of classical order of arts, architecture. Order, balance, simplicity. Poussin. David. Molière. Adam. 1920-. Music based on 18C style + popular taste. Milhaud. Stravinsky. Les Six.

Neuilly, Treaty. 1919. Bulgaria and Allies. Bulgaria cedes land and pays WWI reparations, loses outlet to Mediterranean.

Normandy Invasion. 1944. Eisenhower’s D-Day assault of Allies on German-occupied France. WWII turning point.

Northern War, First. 1655-60. Sweden vs Poland and allies. Sweden wins Danish territory. Poland renounces claim to Swedish throne.

Northern War, Great. 1700-21. Sweden vs Russia and allies. Ends Sweden’s power, begins Russia’s.

Nuremberg Rallies. 1933-8. Annual Nazi festivals followed by Hitler policy speech.

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