Olympias. c175-316BC. Wife of Philip of Macedonia. Mother of Alexander the Great.

Origen. c185-254. Alexandrian. Sought to justify Christianity in terms of Greek philosophy. On First Principles.

Pakistan. 25C BC Indus civilization. 15C BC Aryan. 6C Achaemenid. 326 Alexander. 4C BC Maurya Empire. c50 AD Kushan. 4C Gupta. 5C Hun. 8C Moslem. 11C Turks. 1206 Delhi Sultanate. 1526 Mogul. 1780 Sikh. 1840 British India. 1947 Independent. 1956 Islamic Republic. 1971 -Bangladesh.

Paphlagonia. Lydia. Persia. 333BC Alexander. 2C BC Pontus. 65BC Rome.

Pappus of Alexandria. Greek mathematician. Collection c340 of Greek works.

Patriarch. Christian bishops with jurisdiction over other bishops. 325 Rome. 692 Antioch. Alexandria, Constantinople, Jerusalem. 1598 Moscow.

Paul of Aegina. c625-90. Alexandrian physician. Compiled medical knowledge to date. 7 vol Epitome.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Philip II. 382-336BC. General: unified Macedonia. Alexander’s father.

Philo. c20BC-50. Alexandrian Jew. Reconciled Jewish faith with Greek reason.

Pisa, Council. 1409. Elected Alexander V as third pope in failed attempt to end Great Schism.

Pleiad. c280BC Alexandrian tragic poets.

Pobedonostev, Konstantin. 1827-1907. Russian. professor, tutor to Alexander III, Nicholas II. Pro-autocracy. “Parliaments are the great lie of our time.”

Pope, Alexander. 1688-1744. English satirist, poet and philosopher: On Criticism 1711. Rape of the Lock 1712-4. Essay on Man 1732-4.

Prague Spring. 1968. Czech reforms face Soviet intervention. Dubcek.

Ptolemy. c140. Alexandrian. First cartographer. Promoted Hipparchus’ geocentric theory of solar system. Copernicus. Columbus studied his Geography.

Ptolemy I Suter. c366-283BC. Ruled Egypt 323-; king 305-. General of Alexander the Great.

Ptolemy II. 308-246BC. Egyptian king 285-. Made Alexandria a cultural center. Built Pharos.

Reis, Philip. 1834-74. Invented and demonstrated telephone 1861. Coined telephony. Bell.

Renaissance Music. c16C. Freer, flexible polyphony; steady, predictable rhythm. Palestrina. Gabrieli. English madrigals.

Roxana. -c311BC. Wife of Alexander the Great. Executed after his death.

Salesbury, William. c1520-84. Welsh lexicographer. Translated New Testament to Welsh 1567.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Selkirk, Alexander. 1676-1721. Sailor marooned 1704-9. Prototype for Robinson Crusoe.

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