Communism. Collective ownership of property and industry. Wealth shared according to need. Eventually, “dictatorship of proletariat”.

Communist Manifesto. 1848. Marx and Engels call for Proletariat to control business and government.

Comus. Greek god of mirth and joy.

Concentration Camps. 1862-65 USA. 1899-1902. British internment of Boers in South Africa. 1922-91. USSR. 1933-45 Nazi prisons for extermination and slave labour. Buchenwald. Auschwitz. Dachau. 1942-6 US Relocation Centers. 1942-46 Canada. 1950’s Kenya. 1973 Chile.

Concord, Book of. 1580. Synthesis of creeds and catechisms of Lutheranism.

Concordat. Ecclesiastic treaty between church and state.

Confederation. 1867. United Nova Scotia, New Brunswick, Upper and Lower Canada as Dominion of Canada.

Confucius. 551-479BC. Chinese philosopher and moralist. Advocated reason, love and respect for others over supernatural. Chinese Exam. Wu Ching.

Congress, US. Senate and House of Representatives. Legislative branch of government.

Congress (I) Party. 1978-. Split from Congress Party under Indira Gandhi.

Congress Poland. 1815-64. Polish Kingdom created by Congress of Vienna. Ruled by Russian Czar.

Congress System. 1815-25. Diplomacy by regular meetings of Britain, Austria, Prussia, and Russia.

Conrad, Joseph. 1857-1924. Polish/English novelist emphasizing relations between people and circumstances. Lord Jim 1900. Heart of Darkness 1902.

Constable, John. 1776-1837. English Naturalist landscape painter. Hay Wain 1821. Valley Farm. Waterloo Bridge 1831.

Constance, Peace. 1446. Zurich and neighbouring cantons.

Constantine I. 274-338. Roman Emperor 306-, established Christianity as official religion. Moved capital to Constantinople. United state and church.

Constantine V. 718-775. Byzantine Emperor 741-. Lost Rome and Italy.

Conventice Acts. 1593, 1664-1689. Suppressed dissension in Church of England.

Convention Parliament. 1660. Restored monarchy. William and Mary 1689.

Cook, James. 1728-79. English explorer. Sailed to Tahiti to see transit of Venus, 1768. Charted New Zealand 1769. Claimed Australia 1770.

Copland, Aaron. 1900-90. US composer blending Jewish, folk, jazz, and Latin influences into a popular style. Experimented with serial techniques.

Corelli, Arcangelo. 1653-1713. Italian violinist and composer. Early developer of concerto 1712.

Corinthian Wars. 395-387BC. Athens and allies overcome Spartan domination.

Corn Laws. 1804-15. British agricultural price support. Repeal, 1846, marks transformation from agricultural to industrial priorities and free trade.

Coronado, Francisco de. 1510-54. Spanish explorer. Grand Canyon, 1540.

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