Triple Alliance. 1668 England, United Provinces, Sweden vs France to protect Spanish Netherlands. 1717 France, England, Dutch Republic vs Spain...Quadruple Alliance. 1788-90 British, Dutch Republic, Prussia vs spread of Russo-Swedish War. 1795. England, Austria, Russia vs threat of French Revolution.1882-1914. Germany, Austria, Italy vs Triple Entente.

Tripolitan War. 1801-5. US vs Barbary pirates who demanded tribute to the Pasha of Tripoli.

Trollope, Anthony. 1815-82. English Realist Victorian novelist of ordinary people, religious and political life: Phineas Finn. Barchester Towers 1857. 46 novels.

Trolls. Hostile giants of Scandinavian folklore.

Tropez, St. Decapitated by Nero, his body set adrift with a dog and cock was untouched until it came to rest at St. Tropez, France.

Troubadours. 11-13C. Wandering lyric poets of south France and Italy.

Troy. Asia Minor city settled c3000BC. Besieged for 10 yrs and destroyed by Greeks 1184BC. Trojan War. 7C BC-4C = Ilion.

Trudeau, Pierre. 1919-2000. Canadian Liberal Prime Minister 1969~84. Constitution Act 1982; Charter of Rights and Freedoms.

Truman Doctrine. 1947. US aid vs communist expansion into Greece, Turkey.

Trusteeship. 1946. United Nations method of governing territories. Replaces League of Nations Mandates.

Tsankov, Aleksandur. 1879-1959. Dictatorial Bulgarian Prime Minister 1923-6 following coup.

Tubman, William. 1895-1971. Liberia. President 1941-. Women’s and native suffrage. School system.

Tudor. Welsh dynasty. Ruled England 1485-1603.

Tunisia. Berber. 12C BC Phoenicia. 814 BC Carthage established. 146BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 534 Byzantine. 698 Moslem = Ifrikiya(...Africa). 1574 Ottoman. 1705 Autonomous. Barbary Pirates. 1881 French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Bourguiba.

Turgenev, Ivan. 1818-83. Russian writer. Fathers and Sons 1862.

Turkmenistan. 4CBC Alexander. 7C Arabs. 13C Golden Horde. 15C Persia/Uzbek. 1881 Russia. 1925 Turkemistan SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS. Niyazov.

Turner, Joseph. 1775-1851. English Romantic landscape painter. Original use of color. Reflections on water. Mature style more abstract. Snowstorm 1812. Rain, Speed, Smoke 1844.

Tutu, Desmond. 1931-. South African Anglican Archbishop. Hope and Suffering 1982. .

Tuvalu. 1764 British discover. 1892 British protectorate. 1915 «Gilbert and Ellice Island colony. 1978 Independent = Tuvalu.

Twelve Tribes of Israel. Hebrews who settled promised land after Exodus. Each led by a son or grandson of Jacob (Israel). Hence, Israelites.

Twenty-One Demands. 1915. China submits to Japanese threats. Japan controls Manchuria, Mongolia and have access to ports and islands.

Two-Power Standard. 1889. Hamilton declares that British fleet should be at least equal to naval strength of any 2 other countries. Abandoned 1912 by Churchill.

Two Sicilies. Naples and Sicily. All Italy south of papal states. 11C Norman. 12C HRE. 1282 Angevin(N)/Aragon(S). 1443 Aragon. 1495-1504 French(N). 1713 Austria(N) /Savoy(S). 1734 Spain. 1759 Independent Bourbon. 1799-1802 France. 1861 Italy.

Two Thousand Words. 1968. Czech proclamation supporting Dubcek reforms prompts Russian Invasion.

Tyre. c2000BC Phoenicia. 14C Egypt. 9C Founded Carthage. 8C Assyria. 538 Persia. 332 Alexander...Seleucid. 125 Autonomous. 68BC Rome. 636 Moslem. 1124 Kingdom of Jerusalem. 1291 Mameluks destroy.

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