Simony. Trading in church offices, sacred objects. Banned by Council of Chalcedon 451, and in England since Edward VI.

Sims, William. 1858-1936. US WWI naval commander.

Sinn Fein. 1905. (=Ourselves Alone). Irish Nationalist movement. 1916 uprising. Founded Irish Free State. Legalized as political party in Northern Ireland, 1974. Political wing of IRA. De Valera.

Sistine Chapel. 1473. Vatican. Walls by Botticelli, Ghirlandaio; ceiling by Michelangelo 1508-12. Last Judgement 1534-41.

Sitter, Willem de. 1872-1934. Dutch radio astronomer. Expanding universe.

Siva. 4 armed 3 eyed Hindu god of destruction and restoration.

Six Articles, Statute. 1539-1547. Henry VIII’s statement of Church of England doctrine. Persecuted both adamant Catholics and Protestants.

Skanda. Hindu war god.

Smith, Adam. 1723-1790. Scottish economist. Doctrine of free exchange. Natural law of supply and demand. Wealth of Nations 1776. -“Labour is source of all wealth”.

Snow, C.D. 1905-80. English writer. Strangers and Brothers series.

Soane, John. 1753-1837. English Neoclassical architect, collector. Bank of England 1792-1833.

Soccer War. 1969. Honduras vs El Salvador. Triggered by football game and economic conditions.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Socialism, Utopian. Saint-Simon’s concept of government redistributing wealth according to capacity and performance.

Socialist Party. 1901-30. US party advocating socialism based on earlier Social Democratic and Social Labor (1876) Parties. Ideas applied to New Deal.

Socinianism. 1550-19C Unitarian-like religious sect. Christ divine by function, not nature. 1658 Poland.

Socrates. c470-399BC. Greek philosopher. Knowledge is the key to influencing destiny. Ignorance leaves one subject to fate. Socratic method of teaching by dialog. Dialectic. Condemned for impiety and corrupting the young - drank hemlock. “Know thyself”.

Solemn League and Covenant. National Covenant.

Solvay, Ernst. 1838-1922. Belgian chemist and philanthropist.

Solzhenitsyn, Aleksandr. 1918-2008. Russian novelist. Expelled 1974. Day in the Life of Ivan Denisovich 1962. Gulag Archipelago 1973.

Somalia. 1960 Independent union of British Somaliland + Italian Somaliland.

Sophia Alekseyevna. 1657-1704. Regent of Russia 1682-9 for Ivan V and Peter I.

Sophists. 5-4C BC. Wandering Greek philosophers who taught rhetoric and logic for a fee. Protagoras.

Sorel, George. 1847-1922. French advocate of revolutionary syndicalism. Reflection on Violence 1908 justified violence and general strikes. Influenced Mussolini.

Sosigenes of Alexandria. 1C BC. Astronomer. Julian calendar.

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