Nationalization. Siezing of private enterprises by government with or without compensation. 1946-9 England: Banks, Railways, Mines, Steel, Electricity, Gas. 1946-9 France: Coal, Electricity, Gas, Transport. 1918 Russia: Banks, Insurance, Industry. 1951 Iran: Oil.

Native Land Acts. 1862, 65-92. New Zealand abolishes tribal land ownership, destroying traditional Maori society.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Naturalism. 19C Style of landscape painting which captures nature. Turner. Constable. Boudin.

Nauru. 1798 Sighted. 1888 Germany (Marshall Is). 1914 Australia. 1920 Britain/Ausralia/New Zealand mandate. 1942 Japanese occupy. 1947 Australian trust. 1968 Independent republic.

Navigation Acts. 14-19C. Limited trade to England and colonies to British ships.

Neanderthal Man. 100,000-50,000BC. Skull discovered in Germany 1856.

Neapolitan. 17-18 C School of Music. Elegant, stylized opera, often weak in drama. Scarlatti.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Nebuchadnezzar II. c638-562BC. King of Babylon. 586 Destroyed Jerusalem and Temple. Babylonian Captivity. Built Hanging Gardens.

Nehru, Pandit Jawaharial. 1889-1964. Congress Movement 1929-. First Indian Prime Minister 1947-. Rationalized Hindu laws.

Nelidov Project. 1895. Abandoned Russian plan to sieze Bosphorus.

Nelson, Horatio. 1758-1805. English Admiral, victor at Aboukir and Trafalgar, where he died.

Neo-Impressionism. 19C. Application of optical discoveries by Seurat and Signac. Pointilism.

Nestor. Legendary Greek king, famed for eloquence, wisdom and foresight.

Netherlands. Celts, Germans. 1C Rome. 400 Franks...Carolingian. 9C HRE. 1477 Hapsburg. 1555 Spain. 1581 Independent(N) = United Provinces. 1795 France. Batavian Republic. 1806 Kingdom of Holland. 1810 «France. 1815 United Kingdom of the Netherlands. 1830 -Belgium. 1940-45 Germans occupy.

Netherlands, Austrian. 1714-94.

Netherlands, Spanish. 1581-1714. = Belgium, Luxembourg.

Netherlands Guiana. Surinam.

Neuilly, Treaty. 1919. Bulgaria and Allies. Bulgaria cedes land and pays WWI reparations, loses outlet to Mediterranean.

Neville, Ralph. 1364-1425. Aided Henry IV vs Richard II. Grandfather of Edward IV and Richard III.

New Guinea. 1512 Portugal discovers. 1828 Netherlands(W). 1884 Dutch/British(SE)/German(NE). 1906 British part(SE) to Australia. 1921 League of Nations Australian mandate(NE). 1945 Mandate +Papua. 1963 Dutch part(W) to Indonesia. 1975 Papua New Guinea.

New Netherland. 1624-64. Dutch colonies in North America. Captured by British. New Amsterdam.

New Orleans, Battle. 1815 Andrew Jackson, unaware, devastates British 2 weeks after War of 1812 ends.

New Testament. Portion of Bible relating to life and teachings of Christ and his disciples.

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