Mandarin. Chinese official. Chinese dialect.

Mandate, League of Nations. Territory controlled by outside power. E.g. ex-German colonies, non-Turkish ex-Ottoman lands. 1946- UN Trusteeship.

Mandela, Nelson. 1918-. South African anti-Apartheid ANC leader. Jailed 1962-90. President 94-99.

Mandeville, John. 14C. English author. Travels of John Mandeville, Knight 1356.

Manorial System. (Seignorial). 11-15C. Lord grants peasant rights to till land for fixed payment.

Mansart, Jules Hardouin-. 1646-1708. French architect, city planner. Dome Church 1677. Grand Trianon 1687. Place de Vendôme.

Mantegna, Andrea. 1431-1506. Mantuan. First Renaissance painter. Frescoes.

Manu. Hindu mythical first man, and law giver.

Manuel I. 1469-1521. Portuguese king 1495-. Overseas expansion and trade.

Manzoni, Alessandro. 1785-1873. Italian Romatic writer. The Betrothed 1825-7.

Maori. Polynesian people of New Zealand. Migrated before 800 AD (1150 by their legend).

Marcion. 144. Founded heretical sect with 2 Gods: imperfect Old Testament God and Jesus’ merciful God.

Marcos, Ferdinand. 1917-89. Autocratic Philippine president 1965-86.

Margaret. Maid of Norway. 1283-90. Queen of Scotland 1286-. Betrothed to son of Edward I. Death led to England claiming Scotland, Civil War 1290-1314. Robert the Bruce.

Marggraf, Andreas. 1709-82. German. Sugar in beets, 1747.

Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

Maritsa River, Battle. 1371. Ottomans defeat Serbs. Turkey expands in Balkans.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Marmousets. Advisers to French Charles V and VI.

Marne, Battle. 1914. Paris defence vs Germans. Joffre. 1918 Allied victory is turning point in WWI. Foch.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Martha. Sister of Mary and Lazarus. Symbol of active life.

Marvell, Andrew. 1621-78. English satirical poet. To His Coy Mistress. Poems on Affairs of State 1689.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mary II. 1662-94. Queen of England with William III, 1689-. Expelled her father, James II.

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