Holbein, Hans, the Younger. 1497-1543. German/English Realist portrait painter. St. Mary 1525. Danse Macabre 1526. Henry VIII 1540.

Howard, Catherine. 1521-42. 5th wife of Henry VIII. Beheaded.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

Innocent VIII. 1432-92. Pope 1484-. Authorized Inquisition against witchcraft 1484.

Isabella. 1292-1358. Ousted husband Edward II in favour of son, Edward III, 1327.

Issus, Battle. 333BC. Alexander the Great defeats Persians under Darius III.

Ivan III. The Great. 1440-1505. United Russia 1478. Ended Tartar domination.

James III. 1452-88. King of Scotland 1460-. Killed by rebels at Sauchieburn.

James V. 1512-42. Catholic king of Scotland, 1513-. Allied with France vs Henry VIII.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John III. The Fortunate. 1502-57. King of Portugal 1521-. Instituted Inquisition.

John VIII. -882. Pope 872-. Paid Saracens for protection. Slavs allowed liturgy in Slavic.

Julian Calendar. 45BC-1582. Julius Caesar’s 90 day correction to calendar. Changed to 365.25 day year. Corrected by Gregory. Christian Era.

Ladislaus III. 1424-44. Polish King 1434-. Ladislaus V of Hungary 1440-. Led 2 crusades vs Turks.

Leo III, St. -816. Pope 795-. Crowned Charlemagne recreating Western Roman Empire.

Leo XIII. 1810-1903. Pope 1878-. Rerum Novarum 1891: right to private property. Ended opposition to scientific progress. Longest papal rule.

Lewes, Battle. 1264. English barons capture Henry III and Prince Edward, force concessions.

Lincoln, Battle. 1217. Henry III defeats nobles supporting Louis VIII of France.

Louis III. 863-82. French King 879-. Withstood Norse invasion.

Louis Napoleon. Napoleon III.

Louis VIII. The Lionheart. 1187-1226. French King 1223-. Invaded England 1216-7. Albigensian Crusade 1226.

Louis XIII. The Just. 1601-43. French King 1610-. With Richelieu, extended monarchs power. Absolutism.

Louis XVIII. 1755-1824. Bourbon. Restored to French throne by Allies 1814-. Advisory Parliament. Ultraloyalists.

Luna, Pedro de. = Antipope Benedict XIII.

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