Petrarch. 1304-74. Italian humanist author, lyric poet, philosopher. To Laura 1366. Dialogue with St. Augustine.

Petrie, Flinders. 1853-1942. British archeologist. Sequential dating method.

Pharos. 280BC-13C. Alexandria lighthouse. 135m high. Seven Wonders.

Phenomenology. Philosophy. Analysis of phenomena without preconceptions by conscious mind. Husserl.

Philip IV. The Fair. 1268-1314. French Capetian king 1285-. Taxed Roman Catholic Church. Ended Templars.

Pietism. 17-18C. Spener’s religious movement. Influenced Moravians, Methodists. Bible study.

Pilgrimage of Grace. 1536. Catholic uprising in Lincolnshire and Yorkshire against dissolution of monasteries, taxation and inflation.

Pirandello, Luigi. 1867-1936. Italian dramatist:Six Characters in Search of an Author 1921.

Plainsong. Gregorian chant. Singing in unison without harmony.

Planudes Maximus. 1260-c1310. Byzantine monk. Edited Greek Anthology of prose and poetry 1302.

Pleiades. 7 Greek mythological daughters of Atlas, became constellation.

Pope. Head of Roman Catholic Church, Bishop of Rome. Considered the infallible vicar of Christ.

Popish Plot. 1678. Oates’ fictitious allegations of conspiracy led to persecution of Catholics.

Proletariat. Marxist term for those who live by the sale of their labour. Bourgeoisie.

Propogation of the Faith, Congregation. 1622. Catholic Cardinals responsible for spreading the faith.

Protestant Union. 1608-21. German princes vs reimposition of Catholicism.

Quimby, Phineas P. 1802-66. US mental healer by suggestion. Mary Baker Eddy was a patient. Father of New Thought movement.

Raffles, Thomas. 1781-1826. English founder of Singapore 1819.

Rationalism. All truth can be arrived at through thought alone. vs Empiricism. Descartes. Spinoza.

Reason, Cult of. 1793-5. French Revolution atheist anti-Catholic movement.

Reform Judaism. 19C. German movement vs Orthodox ritualism.

Reformation. 16C religious movement against practices of Roman Catholic church led to founding of Protestant churches. Luther. Calvin. Knox. Zwingli. Henry VIII.

Regency. 1800-30. Georgian Classicist architecture with tinge of exotic from the Empire. Stucco facing on brick. Nash. Soane. Hope. Sheraton. Decorative Arts: Neoclassical, Egyptian motifs.

Regicides. 1649. Those who condemned Charles I. 10 executed 1660.

Republican Party. 1792 Jefferson’s agrarian party. 1820 Whigs. 1854. Anti-slavery party. Lincoln. = Grand Old Party. vs Democratic Party.

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