Court of Miracles. In Middle Ages in Paris, area where beggars lived at night, shedding their wooden legs, etc.

Coverdale, Miles. 1488-1569. English religious reformer, psalm + bible translator.

Crapper, Thomas. 1836-1910. British plumber. Installed Queen Victoria’s toilets. Manufacturer, but not inventor of syphonic flush toilets.

Crazy Horse. c1842-1877. Sioux Indian chief vs Custer at Little Bighorn.

Crédit Mobilier of America. 1865-72. Scandal involving illegal profits, graft in Union Pacific Railroad construction.

Creole. 16-18C White person born in America of Spanish parents. Now varied meanings.

Creon. Oedipus’ uncle. King of Thebes. Killed Antigone.

Crete, Battle. 1941. First German airborne invasion.

Crichton, James “The Admirable”. 1560-82. Scottish adventurer/scholar.

Crimean War. 1853-6. Russian attempt to get a Mediterranean port stopped by Turkey, England, France, Sardinia. Dispute over Holy places in Palestine.

Crockett, Davy. 1786-1836. US frontiersman. Killed at Alamo.

Crompton, Samuel. 1753-1827. Invented spinning mule, 1779.

Cromwell, Oliver. 1599-1658. Led revolution in England, 1649. Lord Protector of the Realm, 1653-. Commonwealth Head of Government, 1649-. Signed Charles I death warrant.

Crossword Puzzles. 1923 US. 1930 Times.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

Cuban Missile Crisis. 1962. Kennedy blockades Cuba to prevent Soviet missile installation.

Cubism. 1907. Braque and Picasso reduce painting to minimum geometric forms. Demoiselles d’Avignon, 1907. Term coined by Braque 1909.

Cuchulain. Legendary powerful Irish warrior.

Culloden, Battle. 1746. Ended Jacobite Rebellion.

Cultural Revolution. 1966-9. Mao’s Red Guards purge China of bourgeois, capitalist elements.

Cumae. 750BC-1205. Oldest Greek colony in Italy. Near Naples.

Cunaeus. Leyden jar battery 1745.

Cunaxa, Battle. 401BC. Failed revolt vs Artaxerxes II. Retreat of the Ten Thousand.

Custer, George. 1839-76. US general killed at Little Bighorn.

Cuthbert, St. 635-87. Celtic monk, apostle to Northumbria.

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