Tilly, Graf von. 1559-1632. Flemish commander of Catholic League in Thirty Years War.

Tilsit, Treaties. 1807. Russia, Prussia join Continental System. Russia free to attack Finland. Prussia surrenders to Napoleon, reduced in size. France controls Central Europe. Creates Warsaw Duchy, Westphalia.

Tinchebrai, Battle. 1106. Henry I re-unifies Normandy, England.

Tippecanoe, Battle. 1811. US defeat Shawnee Indians. Ends Tecumseh power. Harrison.

Tipu Sahib. 1753-99. Indian Sultan of Mysore. Killed in Mysore War.

Tiradentes. 1748-92. Led Brazilian revolt vs Portuguese.

Tirpitz, Alfred von. 1849-1930. German naval minister 1897-1916. Built fleet to rival Royal Navy.

Titanic. 1912. “Unsinkable” British ship sank on maiden voyage. 1513 died.

Tithes. 10% tax paid to church. Implemented by Christians, 4C-9C. Enforced by law 8C; 10C England. Abolished: 1789 France, 1887 Italy, 1871 Ireland. 1836 England converted to rent and reduced; abolished 1936.

Titian. c1489-1576. Venetian painter of dynamic composition and brilliant color. Assumption of Virgin 1518. Charles V 1548. Rape of Europa 1562. Piéta 1576.

Tito, Josip Broz. 1892-1980. Yugoslav WWII Partisan leader. Led government 1945-. President 1953-, for life 1974-. Defied Stalin 1948.

Titus. 39-81. Roman Emperor. Destroyed Jerusalem and Temple. Built Colosseum, 80.

Tobacco. 1492 Cuba. 1493 Columbus brings to Europe. 1565 Hawkins brings to England. 1586 Raleigh brings to England.

Tocqueville, Alexis de. 1805-59. French liberal historian. Democracy in America 1835. Dangers of Democracy.

Togliatti, Palmiro. 1893-1964. Co-founder, Italian Communist Party. Leader 1926-.

Togo. 17-19C Slave trade. 1884 German protectorate = Togoland. 1920 British(W)/ French(E) League of Nations mandate. 1957 British Togo +Gold Coast = Independent Ghana. 1960 French Togo independent = Togo.

Tokugawa Mitsukuni. 1628-1700. Feudal leader, key to History of Great Japan 1658-1906.

Toleration, Act of. 1689. England. Religious freedom for non-conformists.

Toleration, Edict of. 1781. Holy Roman Empire. Freedom of worship.

Tolpuddle Martyrs. 1834. 6 British farmworkers transported despite protests for union organizing.

Tolstoy, Lev. 1828-1910. Russian historical novelist. Moralist. Occupied with social reforms; freed his serfs. Founded Christian anarchist religion. War and Peace 1863-9. Anna Karenina 1875-7.

Toltec. 9-13C. C. Mexican urban warrior peoples. Sun worshippers. Defeated by Aztecs.

Tone, Wolfe. 1763-98. Irish nationalist leader, rebel. Led French force to Ireland 1798. Suicide. United Irishmen.

Torah. 5-2C BC God’s revealed teaching to Jews. Pentateuch (First 5 chapters of Old Testament). Oral Torah=Hebrew bible.

Tordesillas, Treaties. 1494. Spain, Portugal divide colonies in America and East according to Demarcation Bull of Alexander VI. Spain west, Portugal east of 48.5°W.

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