Supremacy, Act of. 1534 Henry VIII establishes Church of England under monarch. 1554 Repealed by Mary I. 1559 Elizabeth I re-established Church of England. Oath required of all MPs.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Surinam. 1499 Spain discovers. 1651 British settle. 1667 =Dutch Guiana. 1680s Slaves brought 1948 = Surinam. 1975 Independent.

Surrealism. 1920-. Artistic and literary movement dealing with the expression of the subconscious mind, fantasy, dreams. Klee, Dali, de Chirico, Chagall.

Swabia. Celt. 1C Suevi. 3C +Alemanni =Swabians. c500 Franks. 1079 Hohenstaufen dynasty. 1286 Divided. 1488-1534 Swabian League.

Swabian League, Great. 1488-1534. 22 cities, nobles and local leagues in southern Germany form protective alliance.

Swahili. Bantu people and language of Central Africa.

SWAPO. Southwest African People’s Organization for Namibian independence. 1960 Founded by Nujoma, Toiva vs South African hegemony. 1971 UN recognition.

Sweden. c8000BC Settled. 9C Rurik establishes Russ dynasty. c1000 Christian. 1319 +Norway. 1397 Kalmar Union. 1520 Revolt. 1523 Independence Vasa dynasty. 1809 -Finland. 1814 +Norway. 1905 -Norway.

Swedenborg, Emanuel. 1688-1772. Swedish scientist, philosopher. Apocalypse Revealed 1743-4. Claimed to have been to hell and heaven. Followers founded Church of New Jerusalem 1788.

Swiss Guards. 1505- Swiss Mercenaries protecting monarchs, Pope. 600 massacred at Tuileries 1791. 1825- Incorporated in Vatican forces. Julius II.

Switzerland. Celts (Helvetii). 58BC Rome. 5C Alemanni, Burgundians. 6C Frank. 962 HRE. 1291 3 Cantons unite vs Hapsburgs. 1515- Neutral. 1648 Indepence recognized. 1815 Neutrality recogognized.

Sydenham, Thomas. 1624-89. English doctor. Popularized quinine vs malaria, iron for anemia. Described scarlet fever.

Symplegades. Cyanean Rocks. Cliffs at entrance to Black Sea. Crushed ships until Jason and Argonauts slipped through.

Syracuse, Battle. 480BC Carthage repelled. 415-413BC Critical Athenian defeat in Peloponnesian War. 396, 392 Carthage defeated. 382-75 Defeated by Carthage. 214-211 BC Rome conquers, sacks city.

Syria. c10000BC Natufians. c2300BC Akkadian. c1900 Amorite. 16C Egypt. 14C Hittite. 8C Assyria. 7C Babylon. 538 Achaemenid. 332 Alexander...301 Seleucid. 64BC Rome...395 Byzantine. 634 Moslem. 877 Egypt. 11C Seljuk 1098 Latin Empire(part). 12C Ayyubid. 1249 Mameluk. 1516 Ottoman. 1920 French League of Nations mandate. 1943 Independent. 1958 +Egypt = United Arab Republic. 1961 -Egypt=Syria. Damascus.

Syrian Wars. 274-200BC. Egypt vs Seleucid Empire.

Tabari, At. 839-923. Arab. Wrote world history to 915. Annals of Apostles and Kings.

Tacna-Arica Controversy. 1883-1929. Chile, Peru argue over provinces after War of Pacific.

Taft-Hartley Act. 1947. US act regulating unions, strikes.

Tagore, Rabindranath. 1861-1941. Bengali writer. Blending eastern, western thought.

Taiping Rebellion. 1850-64. Hung Hsiu-ch’üan and Taiping socialist rebels capture Nanking 1853. Defeated by Gordon. Weakened Manchu dynasty.

Taiwan. Indonesians. 1590 Portugal discovers = Formosa. 17C Dutch/Spanish settle. 1662 Chinese settle, expel Europeans. 1895 Japan. 1945 China. 1949 Independent as Republic of China. 1971 United Nations gives Taiwan’s seat to People’s Republic of China.

Tajikistan. 3C BC Persian Empire. 711 Moslem. 1860 Russia. 1924 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Talât Pasha. 1874-1921. Young Turk leader. Ruled with Triumvirate 1913-18.

466 more results ...