St-Gervais-St-Protais. 1616-21. Church by Métezeau. First classical style building in Paris.

St Helena. 1502 Portugal discovers. 1659 British. 1815-21 Napoleon exiled. 1922 + Ascension Is. 1938 + Tristan da Cunha.

St Helens, Mt. 1980. Eruption.

St Kitts and Nevis. St Kitts: Carib. 1493 Columbus discovers. 1623,4 British, French settle, dispute. 1783 British. Nevis: 1628 British settle. 1816 St Kitts +Nevis, Anguilla, Virgin Islands. 1871 Leeward Islands Federation. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 St Kitts, Nevis, Anguilla Autonomous. 1980 -Anguilla. 1983 Independent.

St Lucia. Carib Arawak. 17C English fail to settle. 1650 French settle. 1803 Britain. 1838 Windward Is. 1958-62 West Indies Federation. 1967 Autonomous. 1979 Independent.

St Médard Convulsionnaires. Believers in miraculous cures at St. Médard cemetery forbidden by Louis XV in 1732: “By Order of the King, Let God No Miracle Perform in this Place!”

St Petersburg. 1703 Founded by Peter I. 1914 =Petrograd. 1924 =Leningrad. 1991 =St Petersburg again.

St-Quentin, Battle. 1557. Philip II of Spain beseiges + seizes French town.

Staël, Germaine de. 1766-1817. French woman of letters. Opposed Napoleon. Exiled. Corinne 1807. Germany 1810.

Stair, First earl. 1648-1707. Scottish under-secretary of state to William III. Approved Glencoe Massacre.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Stalingrad, Battle. 1942-3. Russian victory over Germans. Turning point of WWII.

Stamboliyski, Aleksandur. 1879-1923. Bulgarian Prime Minister, Dictator 1919-. Killed in right-wing coup.

Stamp Act. 1765. British tax on newspapers and legal documents. A cause of American Revolution. Stamp Act Congress.

Standard Time. 1884. Standardized one hour divisions from Greenwich. Fleming.

Standish, Myles. 1584-1656. English Mayflower colonist. Led Plymouth colony.

Stanford, Charles. 1852-1924. Irish composer, led revival of English music. Irish Rhapsodies.

Stanford, Leland. 1824-93. US railroad builder. Stanford University 1885.

Stanhope, James. 1673-1721. English general. Negotiated Triple, Quadruple Alliances.

Stanislaw II. 1732-98. Last king of Poland 1764-95. Installed by his lover Catherine II.

Stanley, Henry. 1841-1904. British/US explorer in Africa 1868-95. Found Livingstone 1871. Founded Congo Free State.

Stanton, Elizabeth Cady. 1815-1902. US suffrage leader. First woman’s rights convention 1848. Mott.

Star Chamber. 1327-1641. English tribunal to try offences against the state. Abused by Charles I.

Starley, John. Bicycle 1885. “Starley’s Rover”.

Starr, Belle. 1848-89. US horse thief, frontier heroine.

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