Sao Tomé and Principe. 1470 Portugal discovers. 15C Convicts, exiled Jews settle. Important in slave trade. 1951 Portugal Overseas Province. 1975 Independent.

Sappho of Lesbos. 7-6C BC. Greek poetess.

Saracens. Moslems in the Middle Ages. Caliphate Empire.

Saratoga, Battle. 1777. American victory, turning point in American Revolution.

Sartre, Jean-Paul. 1905-80. French existentialist philosopher: L’Etre et le Néant 1943. Social responsibility of freedom. (refused).

Sassanids. 224-. Last Persian dynasty before Moslem conquest 637-51.

Satan. Fallen angel later identified with Zoroastran Ahriman, the spirit of evil. Lucifer. Beelzebub.

Sato Eisaku. 1901-75. Japanese Prime Minister 1964-72. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Satyr. Greek mythical man-goat. Pan. Sileni.

Sauvage, Nicolas. French. Invented cabriolet taxi 1660.

Savonarola, Girolamo. 1452-98. Led Florence 1494- after Medici overthrow. Reformer against vice and corruption in the church and society. Burned books, paintings, luxuries. Hung+burned.

Savoy. 1034- Noble dynasty of France, Switzerland. Italian kings 1861-1946.

Savoy Conference. 1661. London. Failed to agree on new prayer book. Puritans leave Church of England.

Saxe-Coburg-Gotha. German dynasty includes Belgian Leopold I 1831-; Albert, Prince-Consort, England. 1840-; Ferdinand, Prince-Consort, Portugal. 1836-; Prince of Bulgaria 1887-1946.

Saxo Grammaticus. 12-13C. Writer of early Danish history. Hamlet 1213. Gesta Danorum.

Saxons. 5C. Germanic people colonized France, England. 8C Widerkind defeated by Charlemagne on continent.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Scaevola, Gaius. Legendary hero. Saved Rome from Etruscans c509BC.

Scaevola, Quintus. -82BC. Roman consul. Law limiting citizenship led to Social War.

Scandberg. 1404-68. Albanian prince, raised as hostage in Turkey. Led Albanians vs Turks 1444-66.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

Scarron, Paul. 1610-60. French dramatist, novelist. Le Roman Comique 1651-9.

Sceptics. We can know nothing more than the fleeting images of consciousness. Most is unknowable. Pyrrho.

Scheele, Carl. 1742-86. Sweden. Discovered oxygen 1771/2, independent of Priestley. Chlorine gas 1774.

Schiller, Friedrich. 1759-1805. German Romantic writer of historical dramas and lyric poetry. Popularized William Tell 1804. -“inner direction” Wallenstein 1800.

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