Roderick. -711. Last Visigoth king of Spain. Defeated by Saracens, killed.

Roebling, John. 1806-69. US civil enginerer. First steel cable suspension bridges. Began Brooklyn Bridge.

Roger I. 1031-1101. Brother, ally of Robert Guiscard. Ruled Two Sicilies 1085-.

Rogers, John. 1500-55. English Protestant martyr. Published forerunner of King James Bible.

Röhm, Ernst. 1887-1934. German Nazi rival of Hitler. Organized SA. Executed.

Roland. -778. Count of Brittany. Officer of Charlemagne, immortalized in song by Turold, c1100.

Roland de la Platière, Jean. 1734-93. Moderate French revolutionary leader. Fled Terror.

Rollo. 860-932. Norse pirate. Colonized Normandy 911. 885 Rolled boats around Paris when seige failed.

Rölvaag, Ole. 1876-1931. Norwegian/US. Wrote of immigrants in Minnesota. Giants in the Earth 1927.

Romains, Jules. 1885-1972. French writer. 27 vol.Men of Good Will 1932-46.

Romanesque Architecture. 4-15C. Barrel vault. Plain. Massive piers. Masonry vaulting. Blend of Byzantine and Roman influences. Gothic.

Romania. Balkans. Dacia. 15C Ottoman. 1859 Moldavia+Walachia. 1878 Independent. 1918 + Bessarabia, Transylvania. 1940 -Bessarabia. 1947 People’s Republic. 1955 Warsaw Pact. 1989 Revolt. Ceausescu overthrown.

Romantic. Literary movement. Nature, spirit and emotion. Subjective. Gothic novel. Hugo, Rousseau, Schiller. Wordsworth. Goethe. Scott.

Rome. 753BC Legendary founding by Romulus and Remus. 616BC Etruscan. 509BC Roman Republic. 27BC Roman Empire. 248 Empire of the West. 395 Byzantine Empire. 410 Visigoths sack Rome. 476 Romulus Augustulus deposed. 493 Ostrogoth. 535 Byzantine. 774 Charlemagne’s Empire of the West. 962 Holy Roman Empire. 11C Norman. 12C Hohenstaufen. 1848 Republic. 1849 Papal States. 1870 Italy. 1929 -Vatican.

Rommel, Erwin. 1891-1944. German WWII Field Marshal in Africa 1941-3, France 1944. “Desert Fox”. Plotted vs Hitler. Suicide.

Romulus. Twin brother of Remus. Suckled by a wolf, they built Rome.

Ronald. Pith ball electric telegraph 1816.

Roncesvalles, Battle. 778. Charlemagne ambushed in Pyrenees. Basis for Song of Roland.

Ronsard, Pierre de. 1524-85. French Pléiade poet. Odes 1550. Amours 1552. Franciade 1572.

Roosevelt, Eleanor. 1884-1962. US beloved First Lady. UN delegate 1945-61.

Roosevelt, Theodore. 1858-1919. US president 1901-9 after McKinley assassination. Founded Bull Moose Party 1912. Led Rough Riders. Panama Canal Zone.

Rosenkreuz, Christian. 15C. Legendary founder of Rosicrucian Society.

Roses, War of. 1455-85. York (white) vs Lancaster (red) for English throne. Lancaster rule ended. Henry VII (Tudor/Lancaster) married Elizabeth (York). Bosworth Field. Plantagenet.

Rosicrucians. 17C- Society claiming ancient mystical knowledge. Rosenkreuz.

Ross, James. 1800-62. Scottish discoverer of North magnetic pole 1831 with uncle John Ross.

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