Nationalism. 17-20C. Sociopolitical movement stressing individual’s loyalty to his state. 19C Led to Imperialism. 20C Fascism and Nazism.

Nationalism. Musical movement to reflect national or ethnic spirit. Especially 16C and 19C. Grieg. Sibelius.

Nationalization. Siezing of private enterprises by government with or without compensation. 1946-9 England: Banks, Railways, Mines, Steel, Electricity, Gas. 1946-9 France: Coal, Electricity, Gas, Transport. 1918 Russia: Banks, Insurance, Industry. 1951 Iran: Oil.

Nations, League of. 1920-46. League of Nations.

NATO. North Atlantic Treaty Organization. 1949- Collective defence alliance of Western European and North Atlantic countries to preserve democratic freedom. UK, Canada, France, Belgium, Netherlands, Luxembourg, Norway, Denmark, Iceland, Italy, Portugal, US. 1952 Greece, Turkey, 1955 FRG. 1964 -Greece. 1966 -France. 1980 +Greece. 1982 +Spain. 1993 +France. 1999 +Poland, Hungary, Czech Republic. 2004 +Latvia, Estonia, Lithuania, Bulgaria, Romania, Slovakia, Slovenia.

Naturalism. 19-20C Literary movement presenting life objectively. Zola.

Naturalism. 19C Style of landscape painting which captures nature. Turner. Constable. Boudin.

Navarino, Battle. 1827. Greeks/Allies naval defeat of Egypt/Turks.

Navarre. Vascones. 1C BC Rome. 400-800 Independent. 711 Moslem(Part). 798 Independent Basque kingdom. 1234 French dynasties. 1512 Castile(S). 1589 France(N).

Navarre College. Paris 1304. Founded by Jean de Navarre. Now École Polytechnique.

Navas de Tolosa, Battle. 1212. Spanish defeat Almohads.

Nazareth. Early home of Christ, in Galilee.

Ndebele. Formerly Matabele. Bantu-speaking people of SW Zimbabwe.

Ne Win, U. 1911 Burmese junta leader, 1962-81.

Neapolitan. 17-18 C School of Music. Elegant, stylized opera, often weak in drama. Scarlatti.

Nearchus. -312BC. Macedonian general under Alexander.

Nebuchadnezzar II. c638-562BC. King of Babylon. 586 Destroyed Jerusalem and Temple. Babylonian Captivity. Built Hanging Gardens.

Necho. -595BC. Egyptian pharaoh 610-. Aided Assyria vs Babylonians. Expedition sailed around Africa.

Necker, Jacques. 1732-1804. Swiss Finance Minister of France before the Revolution. Compte Rendu 1781. Called Estates General leading to French Revolution. Dismissal led to riots.

Negeri Sembilan. 14C Sumatrans settle. 1773 Confederation of 9 states. 1889 British protectorate. 1895 «Federation of Malay States...1948 Malayan Federation.

Nehemiah. Judaea governor. Rebuilt walls of Jerusalem 444BC.

Nelson, Horatio. 1758-1805. English Admiral, victor at Aboukir and Trafalgar, where he died.

Neoclassical. 17-18C. French-originated revival of classical order of arts, architecture. Order, balance, simplicity. Poussin. David. Molière. Adam. 1920-. Music based on 18C style + popular taste. Milhaud. Stravinsky. Les Six.

Neoptolemus. Mythic Greek hero. Killed Priam in Trojan War.

Nero. 37-68. Cruel, licentious Roman Emperor 54-. Persecuted Christians. Killed mother, wife. Blamed for fire, 63. Golden House.

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