Mergenthaler, Ottmar. 1854-99. Linotype 1884.

Merleau-Ponty, Maurice. 1908-61. French philosopher blending existentialism, Marxism, phenomenology.

Merlin. Wizard of Arthurian legend.

Merrick, Joseph. 1862-90. “Elephant Man”. Severely disfigured English cripple, subject of play and film.

Merrimack. 1862. Fought Monitor in first battle of iron-clad ships. American Civil War.

Mers-el-Kébir. 1940 British sink French fleet so Axis can’t seize them. French bomb Gibraltar.

Mersen, Treaty. 870. Divided Lotharingia. Charles II and Louis the German establish French/German frontier.

Meshed. Iranian city of Moslem pilgrimmage.

Mesolithic. c8000-2700BC. Middle stone age between Paleolithic, Neolithic.

Mesopotamia. 5000BC. Tigris-Euphrates river plain where civilization began. 550BC Persia. 331BC Alexander. 115 Rome. 637 Moslem. 13C Mongol. 1534 Ottoman. Babylon. Akkad. Ur. Iraq.

Mesopotamia, Battle. 1914-16. WWI. British advance from Basra to Babylon.

Messiaen, Olivier. 1908-92. Revolutionary French composer. Experimented with Indian music, bird song, complex rhythms, unusual instruments.

Mestrovic, Ivan. 1883-1962. Croatian/US monumental sculptor. Belgrade mausoleum for unknown soldier.

Metaphysical Poets. 17C. Witty English intellectual lyric poets. Donne.

Metaurus, Battle. 207BC. Rome defeats Carthaginian invasion in 2nd Punic War.

Metaxas, Ioannis. 1871-1941. Greek dictator 1936-. Repelled Italian invasion 1940.

Metéora. Built 12C-1458. Greece. Monasteries perched on 1000’ pinnacles and crags.

Métezeau, Clement. 1581-1652. French architect. Church of St-Gervais-St-Protais 1616.

Methodism. Protestant religious movement founded by Wesley 1729. Moravian, Calvinistic evangelical.

Methuen Treaty. 1703-1836. Reduced duty on port wine to England, textiles to Portugal. Hindered Portuguese industrial development.

Methusaleh. Biblical patriarch. Lived 969 years.

Metternich, Fürst von. 1773-1859. Austrian prince, chancellor, defender of Absolutism. Quadruple Alliance vs Napoleon. Holy Alliance. Architect of Vienna Congress, 1814.

Mexican Revolution. 1910-24. Successive leaders overthrown. 1917 New Constitution. Diaz. Zapata. Villa.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

Mexican War of Independence. 1810-21. Hidalgo leads indep from Spain. Iturbide.

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