Horthy, Miklós. 1868-1957. Hungarian ruler 1920-44.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

Hôtel de Ville, Paris (Town Hall). Designed by Il Bocardo, 1533.

Houphouët-Boigny, Félix. 1905-93. West African leader. President of Ivory Coast 1960-.

Howard, Charles. 1536-1624. English. Commanded expedition vs Spanish Armada.

Howe, Julia. 1819-1910. US suffragette author: Battle Hymn of the Republic.

Hoxha, Enver. 1908-85. Albanian Marxist-Leninist dicatator 1944-.

Hoyle, Edmond. 1672-1769. English game expert.

Hsia. 1994-1523BC. Legendary first Chinese dynasty.

Hsiung-nu. 5C BC-5C AD. Asian empire. Great Wall completed to keep them out 214-204BC.

Hu Yaobang. 1915-89. Liberal Chinese Communist Party chairman. Death led to Tiananmen demonstrations.

Huai Hai, Battle. 1948-9. Chinese communists gain control of key routes.

Huang Hsing. 1874-1916. Led Chinese uprising 1911, with Sun Yat-sen.

Huang Ti. Legendary founder of Taoism.

Hubble, Edwin. 1889-1953. English discoverer of galaxies 1922-24.

Hugh of St. Victor. 1096-1141. Led prominent school of St. Victor, Paris.

Hughes, Ted. 1930-98. English poet laureate 1984-. Birthday Letters 1998. Sylvia Plath.

Hugo, Victor. 1802-85. French Romantic poet/writer. Notre Dame 1831. Les Misérables 1862. Exiled 1852-70.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Humble Petition. 1657. English Constitution of Protectorate. Cromwell as Lord Protector.

Humboldt, Alexander von. 1769-1859. German naturalist, ecologist.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Hundred Flowers Movement. China. 1956-7. Increased freedom of intellectuals. Criticism of Party led to backlash.

Hundred Years War. 1337~1453. English defend claims to French throne. Crécy. Poitiers. Agincourt. Joan of Arc. English driven from continent, except Calais.

Hung Hsiu-ch’üan. 1814-64. Led Tai-Ping Rebellion. Claimed to be Christ’s brother. Founded new religion based on Chinese unity.

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