Janissaries. 1330-1826. Ottoman sultan’s powerful bodyguard. First recruited from Christian children. Massacred by Mahmud II after revolt.

Japan. 660BC Empire founded by legendary Jimmu. 5C AD First unified state. c552 Buddhism. 1192 First Shogun ruler. 1543 European contact (Portugal). 1639 Isolation. 1868 Meiji restoration. 1945-52 Allies occupy. 1947 Constitutional monarchy.

Java. 3C BC Indian infl. 8C Srivijaya(W). 13C Majapahit. 16C Mataran (Islamic). 1618 Dutch E Ind Co...1799 Dutch. 1811-16 British occupy. 1910 Indonesia. 1942-5 Japan occupies.

John I. 925-976. Byzantine Emperor 969-. Extended Empire to Balkans, Syria.

John III. 1629-96. King of Poland 1674-. “Champion of Christendom” saved Vienna from Turks 1683.

John V. 1332-91. Byzantine Empire 1341~91. Tried to unite East-West Schism to fight Turks.

Jordan. 13C BC Hebrew(W). 6C BC Nabataean(E). 4C Seleucid(N)/Ptolemy(S). 63BC Rome. 637 Moslem. 1918 British mandate, Hashimite kingdom. 1946 Independent Transjordan. 1949 = Jordan.

Joseph I. 1678-1711. Holy Roman Emperor 1705-. Supported Charles VI vs France in War of Spanish Succession.

Joseph II. 1741-90. Holy Roman Emperor, 1765-. Enlightened despot. Edict of Tolerance. Dominated by mother, Maria Theresa -1780.

Kamikaze. 1281 “Divine Wind”. Typhoon that destroyed Mongol invasion of Japan. 1944- suicide pilots. Okinawa.

Kampuchea. (Cambodia). 3C Funan. 5C Khmer. 15C Siam/Annam. 1863 France 1953 Independent. 1975 Khmer Rouge. 1979 =Kampuchea People’s Republic.

Kanem-Bornu. 9-19C. Chad Empire.

Kassites. 2nd Babylonian Empire 18-12C BC.

Khazar. 6C-965. Turkish empire in SE Russia.

Khmer. 5-15C Cambodian empire defeated by Thai, Annam.

Knossos. 6500-1450BC. Capital of Minoan Empire.

Korea. 1C BC Koguryo/Silla/Paekche kingdoms. 676 Silla unified. 935 Koryo dynasty. 1259-1368 Mongol. 1392-1910 Yi dynasty. 1592, 97 Japan invades. 1627, 36 China invades. 1904 Japan occupies. 1945 US/USSR occupies. 1948 Divided: Republic of Korea(S)/Democratic Peoples Republic(N).

Kublai Khan. 1215-94. First Mongol Emperor. Conquered China. Established Yüan dynasty.

Kuchuk Kainarji, Treaty. 1774. Ottomans restore Black Sea ports to Russia. Independent Crimea.

Kyrgyzstan. 8C Arabs. 10-13C Kyrgyz settle from Siberia. 1758 China. 19C Uzbek. 1876 Russia. 1926 Kyrgyz SSR. 1991 Independent. CIS.

Laconia. 1400BC Mycenae. 1100 Dorian. 195BC Achaean L. 146BC Rome. 267 Visigoth. 587 Slavs. 805 Byzantine. 1829 Greece.

Ladislaus III. 1424-44. Polish King 1434-. Ladislaus V of Hungary 1440-. Led 2 crusades vs Turks.

Lebanon. 25C BC Phoenicia. 6C BC Persia. 332 Alexander. 64BC Rome. 5C Byzantine. 7C Moslems, Maronite Christians. 11C Druse(S). 1516 Ottoman. 1861 Christian autonomy under Ottomans. 1920 French mandate. 1926 Republic under France. 1943 Independent republic. 1975-91 Civil war.

LeBougre, Robert. First Inquisitor of HRE, appointed by Gregory IX 1231.

Leo III, St. -816. Pope 795-. Crowned Charlemagne recreating Western Roman Empire.

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