Caligula, Gaius. 12-41. Ruthless Roman Emperor.

Caliphate Empire. 632-1258. Moslem Empire founded by Muhammad. From Afghanistan to north Africa and Spain. Umayyad. Abbasid.

Cambrai League. 1508-10. Holy Roman Empire, Aragon, France, Rome vs Venice.

Candragupta. Founded Maurya dynasty; united most of India. Ruled c321-297BC.

Caracalla. 188-217. Brutal Roman Emperor 211-.

Carlowitz, Treaty. 1699. Ottoman/Holy League. Austria gains Transylvania, Hungary.

Carolingians. French dynasty 751-987. Merovingians. Charlemagne. Holy Roman Empire.

Carthage. 814BC Phoenician colony. Dido. 574BC Independence after Tyre falls. 480BC Republic. 264-146BC Punic Wars. Hannibal. 146BC Rome razes, rebuilds. 439 Vandals plunder. 533 Byzantine. 705 Moslem. Tunis.

Celestial Empire. Chinese Empire.

Central African Republic. 1891 French colony 1910 «French Equatorial Africa. 1958 Self-government. 1960 Independent. 1976-79 Central African Empire.

Ceuta. c12C BC Phoenicia. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 6C Byzantine. 618 Visigoth. 711 Moslem. 1415 Portugal. 1580 Spain. 1810 Britain. 1814 Spain.

Chaldean Empire. 625-538BC. Last Babylonian Empire. Conquered by Persia. Nabopolassar.

Charlemagne. c742-814. King of France 768-. Restored Western Roman Empire, 800.

Charles I. 1887-1922. Last ruler of Austro-Hungarian Empire, 1916-18.

Charles II, the Bald. 823-77. King of France 843-. Emperor of the West 875-. Verdun Treaty.

Charles III. 1716-88. King of Spain 1759-. Enlightened despot. Lost Florida but strengthened empire.

Charles V. 1500-1558. Hapsburg king of Netherlands 1515-55, Spain 1516-56, Germany 1519-. Holy Roman Emperor 1519-56. Fought Francis I. Divided Austria from Spain. Fought Turks.

China. T’ang(leg). Yü (leg). c1994BC Hsia. c1500 Shang. c1027 Chou. 481 Warring States. 221 Ch’in. 202BC Han. 220 AD Three Kingdoms. 265 Chin. 386 Northern Dyn(N)/420 Southern Dyn(S). 581 Sui rebuild. 618 T’ang. 10C Five dyn/Ten kingdoms. 960 Sung. 1279 Yüan (Mongol). 1368 Ming. 1644 Ch’ing (Manchu). 1912 Republic. 1938-44 Japanese occupation. 1949 People’s Republic.

Claudius I. 10BC-54AD. Roman Emperor 41-. Added Britain to empire.

Clotaire I. -561. Son of Clovis. Merovingian king of Franks 511-. Reunited empire 558-61.

Clotaire II. 584-629. Merovingian king of Neustria. Reunited Frankish Empire 613, but ceded power to nobles.

Commodus. 161-192. Brutal Roman Emperor 177-.

Commonwealth, British. 1926-. Free association of autonomous countries. Evolved from the British Empire. Statute of Westminster 1931.

Comnenus. 1081-1185. Byzantine dynasty.

Comoros. 8C Moslem. 1527 Europeans explore. 1886 France. 1975 Independent.

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