Edward IV. 1442-83. First York king of England. 1461~83. Revived monarch’s power. Wars of Roses.

Edward V. 1470-83. King of England 1483. Imprisoned and probably killed by Richard III. Wars of Roses.

Edward VI. 1537-53. King of England and Ireland, 1547-. Protestant reform. Named Jane Grey as successor.

Edward the Elder. 870-924. King of Wessex, 899. Drove Danes from NW England.

EFTA. European Free Trade Association. 1960. Free trade with EEC: Austria, Sweden, Norway, Finland, Iceland, Switzerland. Until joining EEC: Denmark, Portugal, UK.

Egbert. King of Wessex, 802-39. Temporary control of all England.

Eighty Years War. 1568~1648. Netherlands wins indep from Spain.

Eire. Ireland, Republic.

Eleanor of Aquitaine. Divorced from Louis VII 1152 after accompanying him on Second Crusade. Married Henry II of England, bringing Aquitaine under English crown...Angevin Empire. Mother of Richard I. Led 1173 revolt vs husband, Henry II.

Elizabeth I. 1533-1603. Queen of England, 1558-. Stable, prosperous reign of literature and art. Restored Protestantism. Supported them abroad.

Emancipation Edict. 1861. Freed Russian serfs. Gave land allotment, paid by loans.

Enclosure. Land divided, fenced for better yield, causing hardships for smaller farmers, peasants. English 15-16, 18-19C, Europe 18-20C.

England. c1800BC Beaker folk. 8C BC Celt. 150BC Belgae. 55BC-407 Rome. 5C Anglo-Saxon Heptarchy. 9C Dane(N,E). 10C A-S/Dane. 1042 Anglo-Saxon. 1066 Norman. 1204 -Normandy. 1707 Great Britain. 1801 United Kingdom.

Ephesus, Council. 431. Nestor debates Cyril. Monophysitism adopted.

Erik the Red. Norwegian explorer, discovered Greenland c985. Established First colony.

Erse. Gaelic language of Scottish Highlands.

Estonia. c1000BC Aesti. 9C- Vikings invade. 11,12C Russia, Denmark, Sweden invades. 1219 Denmark. 1346 Teutonic Knights buy. 16C Sweden/Poland/Denmark divide. 17C Sweden. 1721 Russian. 1918 Independent. 1919-33 Unstable governments. 1924 Failed Bolshevik revolution. 1934 Päts coup. 1940 USSR. 1991 Independent.

Etaples, Treaty. 1492. England renounces claim to France, except Calais.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

Factory Acts. England. 1802 Apprentices 12 hr day. 1819 Minimum age 9. 1833. Limited child labour to 8 hours and education required 1844 Women, children 10 hr max. 1842 No women/children in mines. 1920 Minimum age 14. US 1844 Women 12 hr max. 1874 Women/children 10 hr max.

Falkland Is. 1592 Davis discovers. 1764 British settle. 1774-1811 Spanish. 1829 Argentina claims (Malvinas). 1833 British.

Falklands, Battle. 1914. British destroy German fleet.

Falklands War. 1982. Britain defeats Argentine invasion. Falklands remain British.

Farnese, Alessandro. 1545-92. Italian/Spanish governor of Netherlands. Quelled rebellion.

Faunus. Roman woodland deity. = Pan.

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