Louis XIV Style. 1638-1715. Rich decoration as at Versailles. Poussin. Le Nôtre.

Louisiana. 1643 French LaSalle claims. 1719 Mississippi Company. 1762 England cedes to Spain. 1801 France (San Ildefonso Treaty). 1803 US purchase. 1812 18th State.

Louvre. 1204 fortress. Charles V library. 1527 new palace by Lescot. 1793 converted to museum. Venus de Milo. Mona Lisa.

Low Countries. Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands.

Lower Canada. 1791-1841. 1841 «Province of Canada. 1867 = Quebec.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Lublin Union. 1569-1792. Poland and Lithuania.

Lucillius, Caius. 180-102BC. Poet. Originated Latin satire.

Ludlow, Battle. 1459. War of Roses. York, Warwick routed by Lancastrians.

Lukács, György. 1885-1971. Hungarian Marxist writer: History of Class Conscioussness 1923.

Luna 2. 1959 Russian spacecraft. Hard moon landing.

Luna 9. 1966 Russian spacecraft. Soft moon landing.

Lundy’s Lane, Battle. 1814. Canada defeats US invasion. War of 1812.

Lutetia. Original name for Ile de la Cité, Paris, when settled in 250BC.

Luther, Martin. 1483-1546. German Christian reformer opposed to indulgences. Wittenberg. -’Even if heaven and hell do not exist, education is important’ Justification by faith alone. Melanchthon. 95 Theses 1517. Treatise on Christian Liberty. New Testament translated to vernacular 1522. Catechisms 1529. Canticles 1533. Excommunicated 1520, burns Papal Bull. Choral composer: moral effects of music.

Lutuli, Albert. 1898-1967. African Zulu chief. Pacifist ANC President 1952-. Let My People Go 1962.

Lutyens, Edwin. 1869-1944. English architect of country houses and public buildings. Fountain at Trafalgar. New Delhi Plan 1912.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

Lyons, Council, 2nd. 1274. Union of East, West churches. Later repudiated by Greek clergy. Schism.

Lysenko, Trofim. 1898-1976. Russian biologist. Forced outdated Lamarck genetics on Agriculture Academy holding back Russian progress.

Lytton, Bulwer-. 1803-73. English novelist: Last Days of Pompeii 1834. “It was a dark and stormy night”.

Mabillon, Jean. 1632-1707. French Benedictine scholar. Science of diplomatics. De re diplomatica 1681.

MacAlpin. Kenneth I. -858. First King of Scots and Picts.

MacArthur, Douglas. 1880-1964. US Pacific Allied commander, WWII. Commanded Japanese occupation. Led UN forces in Korean War.

Macaulay, Thomas. 1800-59. British politician, writer. Essays 1843. History of England 1849-61 the “Whig interpretation of history”.

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