Locke, John. 1632-1704. English philosopher. Empiricism-all knowledge is derived from experience: On Civil Government 1689. Essay Concerning Human Understanding 1690. ‘Sound mind in a sound body’. Evil brings pain, Good brings pleasure. Advocated separation of legislature from executive, as applied in Britain and US. Natural rights (property, pursuit of happiness, religion) influenced US Constitution, led to Enlightenment. Philosophical basis of French and American Revolutions. Epistemological foundations of modern Science.

Lollards. 1370-1530 English church reform movement. Wycliffe.

Longchamp, William. -1197. English Chancellor. Ruled in Richard I’s absence 1190-1. Arranged ransom 1193 ending John’s rebellion.

Lubbock, John. English MP. Bank Holidays Act 1871.

MacDonald, John A. 1815-91. Key to British North America Act, Conservative. First Prime Minister of Canada 1867~91. Pacific Railway.

Magna Carta. 1215. British charter of rights, confirming ancient liberties, forced on King John at Runnymede. Habeas Corpus.

Malplaquet, Battle. 1709. Marlborough defeats French in war of Spanish Succession.

Mandaeanism. Persian Gnostic sect revering John the Baptist. Fertility worship.

Mandeville, John. 14C. English author. Travels of John Mandeville, Knight 1356.

Mar, John, Earl of. 1675-1732. Led unsuccessful Jacobite Rebellion, 1715.

Marbury vs Madison. 1803. First US Supreme court ruling an Act of Congress unconstitutional. Marshall.

Marcel, Étienne. 1316-58. French draper who led unsuccessful Paris revolt vs Dauphin Charles V, 1355-8, while John II captured by English. Assassinated.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marprelate Tracts. 1588-9. Anonymous seditious Puritan pamphlets for which Penry was executed.

Marshall, John. 1755-1835. US Chief Justice. Marbury-Madison.

Masefield, John. 1878-1967. English poet laureate 1930-.

Mauchley, John. 1907-80. US inventor with Eckert of ENIAC digital computer 1946.

McAdam, John. 1756-1836. Scottish inventor of Macadam gravel road 1810...Tarmac.

McCrae, John. 1872-1918. Canadian physician/poet. In Flanders Fields.

Mermaid Tavern. 15C-1666. London meeting place of Shakespeare, Jonson, Donne et al.

Metaphysical Poets. 17C. Witty English intellectual lyric poets. Donne.

Methodism. Protestant religious movement founded by Wesley 1729. Moravian, Calvinistic evangelical.

Mill, John Stuart. 1806-73. English Utilitarian Positivist philosopher. Social as well as political freedom is necessary. Tyranny of the majority. Associationism. Political Economy 1848. On Liberty 1859. Utilitarianism 1863. Women’s Right to Vote 1866.

Millais, John. 1829-1896. British Pre-Raphaelite painter. Christ in the House of His Parents 1850.

Milton, John. 1608-74. English epic poet. Comus 1638. Lycidas 1638. Paradise Lost 1667. Paradise Regained 1671.

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