Utopia. Imaginary ideal state. More. Bacon. Plato.

Vatican City. 1929 State established by Lateran Treaty.

Vereeniging, Treaty. 1902. Ended Boer War. Transvaal, Orange Free State become British Crown Colony.

Vizier. 14-20C. Ottoman top minister of state.

Voroshilov, Kliment. 1881-1969. Soviet Head of State 1953-60.

Vyshinsky, Andrei. 1883-1954. Russian statesman, prosecutor for Purge trials.

Warring States. 481-221BC. Chinese period of many small feuding kingdoms.

Webb, Sidney. 1859-1947. Beatrice. 1858-1943. British Fabian Socialists. Founded London School of Economics, New Statesman 1913.

West Indies Associated States. 1967 Association of self-governing former Britishcolonies under British suzerainty.

West Virginia. 1863. Region refused to secede with Virginia, forming a new state.

William III. 1650-1702. Prince of Orange 1672-. King of England with Mary II 1689-. Ended War of Grand Alliance 1697. Defeated James II at Battle of Boyne, reconquered Ireland 1690. Declared freedom of worship.

Williams, Roger. c1603-83. English Calvinist founder of Rhode Island, Providence 1636. Introduced separation of church, state.

Witt, Johan de. 1625-72. Dutch statesman. Rebuilt navy. Led Dutch Wars. Triple Alliance 1668. Treaty of Aix-la-Chapelle. Killed by Orangist mob.

World War II. 1939-45. Allies-Britain, France, US(1941-), Russia(1941-) vs Axis-Italy, Germany, Japan, Russia(-1941). Caused by German Totalitarian expansionism resulting from WWI reparations and fear of Communism. 55M dead. 35M wounded. 30M refugees. Cost $US 1500B. Led to United Nations, Soviet power, State of Israel, atomic weapons.

Yamagata Aritomo. 1838-1922. Japanese statesman. Modernized army.

Zaire. Bantu. 1482 Portugal explores. 1885 Personal holding of Leopold II = Congo Free State. 1908 Belgian Congo. 1960 Independent. 1971 =Zaire. 1997 Democratic Republic of Congo.

Abbaye Prison. Principal site of 1792 September Massacres.

Abd al-Mumin. 1094-1163. Founded Almohad Empire in north Africa and Spain. Massacred Almoravids.

Amboina Massacre. 1623. 20 British and Japanese merchants executed by Dutch for plotting overthrow.

Amboise Conspiracy. 1560. Failed Huguenot plot to kidnap French king. Led to massacre of 1200 Huguenots.

Armenian Massacres. 1894-1918. 1.8M Armenians killed in Turkey.

Barrackpore Mutiny. 1824. Indian troops vs British commanders. Troops massacred.

Bartholemew’s Day, St. St. Bartholemew’s Day.

Boston Massacre. 1770. British soldiers kill 5 colonists rioting vs Townshend Acts. A cause of the American Revolution.

Boxer Rebellion. 1900. Massacre of ‘foreign devils’ by Chinese led to reprisals and Peking Protocol.

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