Kissinger, Henry. 1923-. German/US political scientist. US Secretary of State 1973-7. Shuttle Diplomacy.

Lamaism. 1577-. Buddhist state religion of Tibet.

Lamian War. 323-322BC. Greek city-states rebel vs Macedonian rule. Defeated by Antipater.

Lansdowne, Henry. 1845-1927. British statesman. Governor General of Canada, India. Secretary of War 1895-1900.

Lapse, Doctrine of. British East India Company claimed control of any state where direct royal line ended causing Indian Mutiny 1857. Dalhousie.

Lateran Treaty. 1929. Established Vatican as sovereign state.

Lauderdale, John. 1616-82. Scottish statesman. Cabal Ministry. Repressive rule of Scotland.

Lese Majesty. Crime against state or its ruler. Treason.

L’Hôpital, Michel de. 1505-73. French statesman, urged tolerance during the Wars of Religion.

Ligurian Republic. 1797-99, 1801-5. Genoese state formed by Napoleon.

Liu Shao-ch’i. 1898-1969. Chinese head of state 1959-. Denounced 1966,8. Rehabilitated 1980.

Lloyd George, David. 1863-1945. British Liberal Prime Minister,1916-22. Unemployment insurance. Irish Free State. War cabinet, 1916.

Louisiana. 1643 French LaSalle claims. 1719 Mississippi Company. 1762 England cedes to Spain. 1801 France (San Ildefonso Treaty). 1803 US purchase. 1812 18th State.

MacBride, Seán. 1904-88. Irish statesman. Founded Republican Party 1946. Foreign minister 1948-1951. Founder, chairman 1961-75 Amnesty International. Assistant UN Secretary General.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Maginot. André. 1877-1932. French statesman. Built line of fortifications in the east of France 1928-38, leaving French overconfident vs German threat.

Manchukuo. 1932-45. Japanese puppet state in Manchuria under P’u-i. Manchu.

Mancini, Pasquale. 1817-88. Italian Risorgimento leader, statesman. Triple Alliance 1882.

Mann Act. 1910. US law prohibits transport of women across state lines for immoral purposes.

Marche. 10C Independent feudal state. 1631 Papal States. 1860 Italy.

Marvell, Andrew. 1621-78. English satirical poet. To His Coy Mistress. Poems on Affairs of State 1689.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Mary I. Bloody Mary. 1516-58. Tudor queen of England 1553-. Married Philip II of Spain. Reinstated Roman Catholicism 1555. Persecuted Protestants. Lost Calais.

Mason-Dixon Line. 1763-7. MD-PA border named for its 2 surveyors. 1820- Separated slave/free states.

Mexican War. 1846-8. US acquires western territory (5 states). Guadalupe-Hidalgo. 1861-4. Napoleon III conquers Mexico, installs Emperor Maximilian.

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