Short Parliament. 1640. England. Refused king taxes because of grievances.

Shostakovich, Dmitri. 1906-75. Russian. Composed complex profound intense personal works. Rebuked by Stalin. Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 1934.

Shrewsbury, Duke of. 1660-1718. English. Influenced Glorious Revolution, Hanoverian succession.

Sibelius, Jan. 1865-1957. Finnish composer. Finlandia. Symphonies and tone poems evoke feeling of North. Kulervo Symphony 1892.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

Sibyl. Mythical Greek prophetess. Interceded with gods for humans.

Sicilian Vespers. 1282. Aragon-inspired massacre of French in Sicily. Aragon takes control.

Sickert, Walter. 1860-1942. German/English Impressionist painter.

Sicyon. 4C BC Ancient Greek city known for artists.

Sienkiewicz, Henryk. 1846-1916. Polish novelist: Slowo Trilogy 1883-88. Quo Vadis 1896.

Sigismund I. The Old. 1467-1548. King of Poland 1506-. Acquired Prussia 1525.

Sigismund III. Vasa. 1566-1632. King of Poland 1587-, Sweden 1592-99. Captured Moscow 1610-12.

Sigismund. 1368-1437. King of Hungary 1387-, Germans 1411-, Lombardy 1431-, HRE 1433-. Helped end Schism. Executed Huss.

Sihanouk, Norodom. 1922-. Cambodian king 1941-55. Abdicated for father. Prime Minister 1955-60. Head of State 1960-70.

Sikh States, Confederation of. 1764 Independent from Mogul. 1819 + Kashmir. 1834 + Peshawar. 1849 British. 1948 India.

Sikh Wars. 1845-6 Sikhs invade India, British take Kashmir. 1848-9 Sikh revolt, Britain takes Punjab.

Sikhism. NW India monotheistic religion. Meditation exercises to realize God. Nanak.

Sikkim. c1640 Independent kingdom. 1780 Nepal invades. 1814 Independent. 1861 British protectorate. 1947 Indian suzerainty. 1975 Indian state.

Sikorski, Wladyslaw. 1881-1943. Polish general, Prime Minister. Headed WWII government in exile.

Sikorsky, Igor. 1889-1972. Ukrainian/US. Invented helicopter, 1939.

Sileni. Greek half man, half horse beings.

Silesia. c300BC Vandal. c4C Slav. 11C Polish. 1163 Divided. 13C German colony/Tatars invade. 1335 Bohemia. 15C Divided. 1526 Hapsburg. 1675 Bohemia. 1694 Austria. 1742 Prussia. 1921 Czechoslovakia/Poland/Germany. 1938/9 German. 1945 Poland/GDR.

Silesian Wars. 1740-5. Prussia takes Silesia from Austria. Austrian Succession.

Silk Route. Trade route from Rome to China. Followed by Marco Polo.

Silla, Kingdom. 57BC-935. Korea, united peninsula 668.

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