Nicopolis, Battle. 1396. Turks crushed Crusaders. Ended European opposition to Ottoman expansion into Balkans.

Nietzche, Friedrich. 1844-1900. German philosopher. Superman doctrine. Survival of fittest. Thus Spake Zarathustra 1883-92. Will to Power influenced Fascists.

Niger. Tuareg. 7C Songhai Empire(W). 10C Berber(E). 16C Bornu Empire(SE). 17C Djerma/ Tuareg. 18C Sokoto kingdom. c1900 «French West Africa 1960 Independent.

Nigeria. c5C BC Nok. c12C Yoruba(SW). 13C Hausa(N)/Kanem-Bornu/Ibo(E). 15C Portugal reach. Slave source. 1851 British colony. 1884 British protectorate. 1960 Independent. 1963 Republic. 1993-98 Abacha military dictatorship. Biafra.

Night of the Long Knives. 1934. Hitler’s SS murder 77+ Nazi opponents and others.

Nihilistm. 19C Russian philosophy of skepticism associated with disheveled revolutionaries. Utilitarianism and rationalism.

Nijinsky, Vaslaw. 1890-1950. Russian ballet dancer of Diaghilev Company.

Nika Riot. 532. Constantinople. Revolt vs Emperor Justinian. 30,000 executed.

Nike. Greek winged goddess of victory.

Nikolsburg, Treaty. 1621. Austria regained Hungarian crown, Transylvania enlarged.

Nile, Battle. 1798. Aboukir.

Nixon, Richard. 1913-94. US president 1969-74. Hiss investigation. Checkers. China relations. Vietnam cease-fire. Watergate. Pardoned.

Nkomo, Joshua. 1917-99. Zimbabwe nationalist. Founded ZAPU.

Nkrumah, Kwame. 1909-72. Gold Coast/Ghana Prime Minister 1952-60, President 60-66.

NKVD. 1934-46. Soviet secret police. KGB.

Noah. Biblical figure. Survived flood in ark.

Nobel Prize. Nobel legacy funded. Peace Prize and prizes in Physics, Chemistry, Medicine, Literature. 1969 +Economics. . Declined: Le Duc Tho, Pasternak, Sartre.

Nonjurors. 1689. Clergy refusing to take oath of Allegiance to William and Mary.

Nordenskjöld, Erik. 1832-1901. Sweden. First successful navigation of North-East passage 1878-9.

Nordic Council. 1953-. Denmark, Norway, Sweden. 1955 +Finland. Promotes cultural unity, reciprocal rights.

Nore Mutiny. 1797. British North Sea fleet protest conditions. Parker hung.

Norfolk, First Duke. c1366-99. Lord Appellant. Dominated Richard II 1387-89.

Norfolk, 4th Duke. 1538-1572. Executed for Ridolfi plot.

Normans. 9C. Norsemen who settled in northern France, Sicily, Naples, Albania, Thessaloniki.

Norsemen. Danes, Norwegians and Swedes who colonized Britain, France, Russia, 9-11C. Also called: Northmen, Vikings, Varangians. Beseiged Paris 885.

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