Marie Antoinette. 1755-93. Daughter of Emperor Francis I and Maria Theresa, Queen Consort to Louis XVI. Guillotined for seeking US aid vs French Revolution. -“Let them eat cake”.

Maritsa River, Battle. 1371. Ottomans defeat Serbs. Turkey expands in Balkans.

Mark, St. Apostle. 2nd Gospel author.

Markiewicz, Countess. 1876-1927. Irish Nationalist. First woman elected to British Parliament, 1918.

Mark’s, St. 902-1484. Venice church and campanile.

Marlborough, John Churchill, Duke of. 1650-1722. English general vs Louis XIV in War of Spanish Succession. Blenheim. Malplaquet. Ramillies.

Marlowe, Christopher. 1564-93. English dramatist: Tamerlane 1586. Dr. Faustus 1588-92. Edward II. May have written some of Shakespeare.

Marquess. (Marquis). Second rank of British peerage.

Married Women’s Property Act. 1882. UK. Abolished women’s property passing automatically to husband on marriage.

Marryat, Frederick. 1792-1848. English adventure writer of energetic seafaring stories. Midshipman Easy 1836.

Mars. Roman god of war. = Greek Ares.

Marseilles. c600BC Greek colony. 49BC Rome.

Marshal. Highest military rank in Britain, France, Germany, Russia, China.

Marshall, Thurgood. 1908-93. First black on US Supreme Court 1967-92.

Martin I, St. Pope 649-55. Convoked Lateran Council to debate Monothelitism.

Martov, L. 1873-1923. Russian Menshevik leader.

Marx, Karl. 1818-83. German socialist philosopher: Communist Manifesto 1848. Das Kapital 1867. Dialectical Materialism. Marxism.

Marx Brothers. Groucho 1890-1977. Harpo 1888-1964. Chico 1886-1961. Zeppo 1901-79. Gummo 1893-1977. US film comedians. Animal Crackers 1928. Duck Soup 1933.

Marxism. Official dogma of Communism. Dialectical Materialism. “Perfect economic system will not require political state.” Marx. Engels. Value is based on labour. Maoism. Leninism.

Masaryk, Thomas. 1850-1937. Founder, first President of Czechoslovakia, 1918-35.

Maskeyline, Nevil. 1732-1811. English astronomer. Longitude from moon position 1763. Nautical Almanac 1766.

Materialism. All nature is describable as moving particles. Mind is the result of physical activity in the brain. Büchner. Diderot. Hobbes. Marx. Epicureans.

Mathura. Indian city sacred to Hindu as birthplace of Krsna.

Matsuoka, Yosuke. 1880-1946. Japanese foreign minister 1940. Tripartite Pact with Germany, Italy.

Matsushita, Konosuke. 1894-1989. Japanese industrialist; began 5-day workweek, guaranteed lifetime employment.

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