Louis-Philippe. 1773-1850. French King 1830-48. 1790 Jacobin liberal who became absolutist monarch. Supported by bourgeoisie, defeated by workers in Revolt.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Lubbock, John. English MP. Bank Holidays Act 1871.

Lübeck. 1386-1669. Headquarters of Hanseatic League.

Lucian. c120-80. Greek satirist. Dialogues of the Dead.

Luckner, Felix. 1886-1966. German naval officer. Attacked commercial vessels in WWII.

Luddites. 1811-16. Workers who destroyed machines to stop the Industrial Revolution. Led by mythical Ned Ludd.

Ludlow, Battle. 1459. War of Roses. York, Warwick routed by Lancastrians.

Ludwig, King. = Louis.

Lukács, György. 1885-1971. Hungarian Marxist writer: History of Class Conscioussness 1923.

Luke, St. 1C Author of third Gospel.

Lukin, Lionel. 1742-1834. English inventor of first safe life boat 1785.

Lusitania. 1915. British passenger ship sunk by German U-boat. Led to US joining WWI. 1198 lost.

Luxembourg. 1C BC Rome. 459 Franks. 963 Independent county «Holy Roman Empire. 1354 Duchy. 1443 Burgundy. 1472~1795 Hapsburg. 1555 Spanish. 1684 French. 1697 Spanish. 1714 Austrian. 1795 French. 1815 Dutch «German Confederation. 1839 Belgian(W)/Autonomous. 1867 Independent neutral. 1914-18, 1940-44 German occupation. 1948 Neutrality ends.

Luynes, Duke of. 1578-1621. French. Adviser to Louis XIII.

Lyons, Council, 2nd. 1274. Union of East, West churches. Later repudiated by Greek clergy. Schism.

Lysenko, Trofim. 1898-1976. Russian biologist. Forced outdated Lamarck genetics on Agriculture Academy holding back Russian progress.

Lysias. c445-380BC. Greek orator. Unembellished style.Against Eratosthenes 404BC.

Lysippus. 4C BC. Greek sculptor. Revised ideal human form-slender with smaller head.

Lytton, Bulwer-. 1803-73. English novelist: Last Days of Pompeii 1834. “It was a dark and stormy night”.

MacAlpin. Kenneth I. -858. First King of Scots and Picts.

MacArthur, Douglas. 1880-1964. US Pacific Allied commander, WWII. Commanded Japanese occupation. Led UN forces in Korean War.

Macbeth. -1057. Scottish king 1040-. Killed, succeeded Duncan. Killed by Duncan’s son, Malcolm.

MacDonald, John A. 1815-91. Key to British North America Act, Conservative. First Prime Minister of Canada 1867~91. Pacific Railway.

Macdonough, Thomas. 1783-1825. Defeated British in Lake Champlain naval battle 1814.

1456 more results ...