Ingoldsby, Thomas. 1788-1845. English humourist. Jackdaw of Rheims.

Ingres, Dominique. 1780-1867. French classical painter: Grande Odalisque 1814. Turkish Bath 1860.

Inkerman, Battle. 1854. Crimean War defeat of Russians by English and French.

Innocent III. c1160-1216. Pope 1198-. Peak power of papacy. Fourth Crusade. Authorized incorporation of University of Paris 1215. Placed Inquisition under Franciscans and Dominicans. Crowned Frederick II.

Inönü, Ismet. 1884-1974. Turkish military leader, Prime Minister 1923-37, 1961-5. President 1938-50.

Intelligentsia. 19C. Educated middle class Russians seeking reform.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

Io. Greek lover of Zeus, changed to cow by Hera. =Isis.

Ion. 5C BC. Greek poet.

Ionia. 1000BC Greeks colonize. 546BC Cyrus. 479 Independent. 334 Alexander. 133BC Rome. 15C Ottomans destroyed cities.

Ionian School. 6C BC. Greek philosophers. Thales. Araximanedes. Diogenes. Explained phenomena in terms of physical forces.

Ionic Order. 6C BC. Greek architectural style. Fluted columns with scroll-shaped capital.

Iphigeneia. Greek daughter of Agamemnon, sacrificed to save the Achaean fleet.

Ipsus, Battle. 301BC. Antigonus’ defeat marks end of Alexander’s Empire.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iran-Iraq War. 1980-90. Iraq seeks oil rich Khuzestan. US supports war on Islamic regime.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Ireland. 400BC-100 Celts. 432 Christianity. 8-14C Norse/British invade, settle. 1002 Brian Boru. 1573 English plantations. 1801 United Kingdom. 1921 Irish Free State/Northern Ireland.

Ireland, William. 1777-1835. English forger of Shakespeare manuscripts 1796.

Iris. Greek personification of the rainbow.

Irish Potato Famine. 1845-51. Blight kills crop. 1M die. Emmigration to North America. Resentment of English.

Iroquois League. (League of 5 Nations). 1570-. Confederation of Mohawk, Oneida, Onondaga, Cayuga, Seneca. Fought for English in American Revolution, Seven Years War.

Irving, Washington. 1783-1859. US writer. Rip van Winkle. Legend of Sleepy Hollow 1819. Tales of a Traveller 1824. Inventor of short story.

Islam. =Muhammadism. 7C-. Monotheistic religion based on Koran. 1/6 of world’s population, especially north Africa, Middle East, SW Asia. Sunni. Shi’ite. Caliphate Empire.

Islamic Revolution. 1979. Ayatollah Khomeini led overthrow of Pahlavi in Iran.

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