Hohenzollern. German family which ruled Prussia 1415-1918, united Germany 1871-1918. Kings of Romania 1866-1947.

Hokusai. 1760-1849. Japanese engraver. Mt. Fuji 1826.

Holland, John. 1352-1400. Introduced rack to England. (Banned 1628.)

Holocaust. 1939-45. Nazi killing of of Jews, minorities, opponents and POWs in concentration camps. Final Solution. 5.8 million Jews and 5-11 million non-Jews.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Holy Roman Empire. 962-1806. Germanic Empire with elected king. Successor to Western Roman Empire. Geographically: Germany, Switzerland, Netherlands, Austria; most of Italy, Bohemia; part of France. Hapsburg. Austrian Empire.

Homer. 8C BC. Greek poet: reputed to have written the Iliad 748 and Odyssey 727BC.

Homestead Strike. 1892. Carnegie Steel hires breakers. Gun battle ensues.

Honecker, Erich. 1912-94. East German President 1971-89.

Hong Kong. 1841 British. 1898 Leased from China for 99 years. 1997 China.

Honorius Flavius. 384-423. Roman Emperor of the West 393-. Rome sacked by Visigoths 410.

Hooke, Robert. 1635-1703. English inventor of balance spring watch. Diffraction 1672. Wave theory of light.

Hope Hawkins, Anthony. 1863-1933. English author. Prisoner of Zenda 1894.

Hopkins, Frederick. 1861-1947. English vitamin discoverer.

Hopkins, Gerald Manley. 1844-89. English poet.

Hopper, Edward. 1882-1967. US realist painter. Nighthawks 1942.

Hopper, Grace. 1906-92. US Admiral. Pioneer computer programmer 1944. “Debugged” Mark I by removing moth.

Horae. Greek goddesses of seasons.

Horthy, Miklós. 1868-1957. Hungarian ruler 1920-44.

Hospitallers, Knights. 11C-. Order of St. John. First devoted to aid of pilgrims to Holy Land. Prominent in crusades. Bought Rhodes 1309. Expelled by Ottomans, 1522. Given Malta by Charles V, 1530. Expelled by Napoleon, 1798. = Knights of Malta.

Hsiung-nu. 5C BC-5C AD. Asian empire. Great Wall completed to keep them out 214-204BC.

Hua Kuo-feng. c1920-. Chinese Premier 1976-80, Chairman 1976-81.

Huai Hai, Battle. 1948-9. Chinese communists gain control of key routes.

Hudson’s Bay Company. 1670-. England. Explored Canada. Sought NW passage. Trading posts. Fur trade. Monopoly 1821-58. Seven Oaks Massacre.

Hugh Capet. c941-996. First of the Capetian dynasty of French kings 987-. Son of Hugh the Great.

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