Sato Eisaku. 1901-75. Japanese Prime Minister 1964-72. Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty.

Saxony. 843 «East Frankish Kingdom. 919-1024 Ruled HRE. 1180 Divided. 1697 Elector (King) of Poland. 1785 Fürstenbund. 1806 Napoleon creates Kingdom. 1815 Half to Prussia. 1815 German Confederation. 1835 Zollverein. 1867 North German Confederation. 1871 German Empire. 1918 Abolished monarchy. 1920 Republic. 1933 Germany.

Scaliger, Julius Caesar. 1484-1558. Italian/French classical scholar. “Father” of literary criticism. Poetics 1561.

Scarlatti, Alessandro. 1660-1725. Italian composer of oratorios and operas. Neapolitan School. Influenced classical harmony.

Scarlatti, Domenico. 1685-1757. Italian composer. 555 Sonatas for harpsichord 1737-. Operas 1703-.

Scharnhorst, Gerhard von. 1755-1813. Prussian general, reorganized army. General staff system.

Scheherazade. Entertained the Sultan of the Indies for 1001 nghts with stories, delaying her execution.

Schleicher, Kurt von. 1882-1934. Last chancellor of Weimar Republic 1932-3. Opposed Hitler. Murdered by SS on Night of Long Knives.

Schlesinger, Arthur. 1888-1965. US historian. History of American Life 1928-43.

Schlesinger, Arthur, Jr. 1917-. US historian. A Thousand Days 1965.

Schmalkaldic League. 1531-47. Failed alliance of Protestant Princes vs HRE to defend Lutheranism. War 1546-7.

Schopenhauer, Arthur. 1788-1860. German pessimist Idealist philosopher. Will is superior to knowledge. World viewed as will and ideas. Every individual is a part of a Universal Will.

Schütz, Heinrich. 1585-1672. Founded German church music with Italian style. Wrote first German opera, Dafne 1627.

Schweitzer, Albert. 1875-1965. German medical missionary to Africa 1913-.

Scipio. 3-1C BC Family of Roman leaders, generals.

Scipio Africanus Major. 236-183BC. Roman general. Pushed Carthaginians from Spain. Defeated Hannibal at Zama 202.

Scipio Africanus Minor. 185-129BC. Roman Consul, censor, general. Conquered, destroyed Carthage.

Scipio Nasica Serapio. -132BC. Led mob that murdered Gracchus.

Scriblerus Club. 18C English literary club. Satirized contemporary writing. Swift. Pope.

Sea Lion, Operation. Battle of Britain.

Seeckt, Hans von. 1866-1936. German general. Secretly rebuilt army after WWI.

Seleucids. 312-64BC. Hellenistic kingdom founded by Alexander’s general, Seleucus. Syria, Persia, Mesopotamia.

Semmelweis, Ignaz. 1818-65. Hungarian/Austrian. Puerperal fever 1861.

Sempach Battle. 1386. Swiss confederates defeat Austrian Duke Leopold, ensuring independence.

Senefelder, Alois. 1772-1834. Bavarian lithography inventor 1796.

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