Casca, Publius. c42BC. An assassin of Julius Caesar.

Cassius, Gaius. c42BC. Led assassination of Julius Caesar. Suicide.

Cassivellaunus. English king def by J Caesar, 54BC.

Cauchon, Pierre. 1371-1442. Bishop of Beauvais, judged Joan of Arc.

Christian Era. 1 AD to present. Jewish Era. Muhammadan Era. Julian Calendar.

Cicero, Marcus. 106-43BC. Roman orator. Opposed Caesar and Antony. Executed. De Re Republica 54-51BC.

Cierva y Cordoniu, Juan de la. 1895-1936. Spanish autogyro inventor 1923. First vertical take-off 1934.

Cimber, Lucius. An assassin of Julius Caesar.

Cleopatra VII. 69-30BC. Queen of Egypt, lover of Caesar and Antony. Suicide.

Coke, Edward. 1552-1634. English jurist. Defended Common Law. Prosecuted Raleigh.

Corday, Charlotte. 1768-93. Killed Marat July 13, 1793.

Corpus Juris Civilis. Developed 529-35. Roman legal code. Influenced European legal systems.

Crusades. 1095-1272. European Christian wars to regain Holy Land after Seljuk Turks take Jerusalem in 1072. Literature and the arts benefitted from Eastern cultural infusion. Peasants 1096. Annihilated. First. 1096-99. Genoa financed Godfrey of Bouillon to recapture Jerusalem. Only successful crusade. Second. 1147-49. Louis VII and Conrad III pillage Byzantium. Third. 1189-92. Richard I and Philip II Truce with Saladin allows access to Jerusalem. Fourth. 1202-4. French and Flemish nobles conquer, sack Constantinople, form Latin Empire. Childrens. 1212. Stephen of Cloyes led 30,000 unarmed French youths. Nicholas of Cologne led 20,000 German. All died or enslaved. Fifth. 1218-21. John of Brienne in Egypt. Sixth. 1228-29. Frederick II crowned king of Jerusalem. Seventh. 1248-54. St Louis of France captured by Egypt and ransomed. Eighth. 1270. St Louis dies of plague. Ninth. 1271-2. Prince Edward of England.

D-Day. June 6, 1944. Normandy Landing.

Dalou, Jules. 1838-1902. French Baroque sculptor of public monuments.

Declaration of Independence. July 4, 1776. American colonies declare independence from British rule during War of Independence.

Deism. Theory that God’s existence can be proven by reason, not just known by revelation (Theism). Rousseau. Voltaire. Jefferson.

Deuteronomic Reform. c621BC. Religious reforms in Judah. Josiah.

Disputations. 4-18C Compulsory public debates, Jew vs Christian.

Don Juan. Legendary Spanish libertine.

Dreadnought. 1905-22. Class of British battleship. Started arms race 1907-14. Jutland. Two-Power Standard.

Dreyfus, Alfred. 1859-1935. Jewish French officer. Trial divided France, 1894-1906. Unjustly sent to Devil’s Island on forged evidence. Zola. Esterhazy.

Dyrrhachium, Battle. 48BC. Pompey defeats Caesar.

Europa. Daughter of Agenor, king of Phoenicia, raised by Zeus (Jupiter). Minos’ mother.

European Union. 1958 European Economic Community (EEC) of Belgium, France, W Germany, Italy, Luxembourg, Netherlands. To integrate economic development of members. 1967 =European Community (EC). 1973 +UK, Ireland, Denmark. 1981+Greece. 1985 -Greenland. 1986 +Spain, Portugal. 1990 +former E Germany. 1993 =European Union (EU). Maastricht Treaty. European Parliament. European Court of Justice.

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