Justinian. 483-565. Eastern Roman Emperor, conquered Africa and Italy. Codified Roman law 529. Closed all non-Christian schools, beginning Dark Ages. Nika Riot. Corpus Juris Civilis. Hagia Sophia. Digest 553. Ulpian.

Jutes. Germanic tribe who invaded England 5C. Established Canterbury.

Jutland, Battle. 1916. Jellicoe’s indecisive attempt to trap German fleet.

Juvenal. c60-127. Romanic stoic poet: Satires.

Kant, Immanuel. 1724-1804. German Romantic philosopher. Free-will. Inherent moral nature implies “Transcendental” world of freedom. Although the mind builds internal maps of sensory perceptions, we do not know what the world is really like. -“moral imperative = human diginity”. On Heaven 1755. Critique of Pure Reason 1781. Critique of Practical Reason 1788. Critique of Judgement.

Karaiism. 8C-. Jewish sect. Rejects Talmud. Accepts only Biblical authority. vs Rabbinical Judaism.

King’s Law. 1665. Justified Christian V’s Absolute Monarchy in Denmark + Norway.

Kipling, Rudyard. 1865-1936. English/Indian writer. Compelling, emotional, poetic. Jungle Book 1894. Kim 1901. Imperialist:- “White Man’s Burden”.

LaCierva y Codorniu, Juan de. 1895-1936. Spanish. Invented autogiro 1923. First vertical take-off 1934.

Laforgue, Jules. 1860-1887. French symbolist poet. Invented verse libre. Les Complaintes 1885.

Lavalleja, Juan. 1784-1853. Uruguay revolutionary. Led 33 Immortals. Independence from Brazil.

Liebig, Justus von. 1808-73. German chemist. Analysis of organic compounds, 1831. Agricultural chemistry, 1841. Chloroform 1831.

Louis XIII. The Just. 1601-43. French King 1610-. With Richelieu, extended monarchs power. Absolutism.

Louis XIV. Sun King. 1638-1715. French King 1643-. Mazarin regent to 1661. Absolute reign signalled a flourishing of the arts. Built Versailles. Revoked Edict of Nantes. -“L’état c’est moi.”

Luther, Martin. 1483-1546. German Christian reformer opposed to indulgences. Wittenberg. -’Even if heaven and hell do not exist, education is important’ Justification by faith alone. Melanchthon. 95 Theses 1517. Treatise on Christian Liberty. New Testament translated to vernacular 1522. Catechisms 1529. Canticles 1533. Excommunicated 1520, burns Papal Bull. Choral composer: moral effects of music.

Machiavelli, Niccolo. 1469-1527. Florentine amoral cynic, statesman, historian and writer. The Prince 1513. -“End justifies the means”. -“Appear virtuous, act to maintain power”.

Manifest Destiny. 1840s. Justified US expansionism.

Mansart, Jules Hardouin-. 1646-1708. French architect, city planner. Dome Church 1677. Grand Trianon 1687. Place de Vendôme.

Manzikert, Battle. 1071. Seljuks defeat Byzantines, gain Anatolia.

Marshall, John. 1755-1835. US Chief Justice. Marbury-Madison.

Massenet, Jules. 1842-1912. French opera composer. Manon. Le Cid 1885.

Matthias, St. Replaced Judas as one of 12 Apostles.

Mazarin, Jules. 1602-61. French Cardinal, politician. Power during Louis XIV rule, regent 1643-61. Ended 30 Years war. Defeated the Fronde 1653. Supported strong monarchy.

Mencken, H.L. 1880-1956. US iconoclast critic. American Language. Prejudices 1919-27.

Messiah. Redeemer of Christianity, Judaism, Islam who would come from God to save humanity.

102 more results ...