Scaliger, Joseph. 1540-1609. Classical scholar. Founded science of chronology.

Scheele, Carl. 1742-86. Sweden. Discovered oxygen 1771/2, independent of Priestley. Chlorine gas 1774.

Secret Speech. 1956. Khrushchev call for destalinization in USSR leads to Hungarian, Polish uprisings.

Shostakovich, Dmitri. 1906-75. Russian. Composed complex profound intense personal works. Rebuked by Stalin. Lady Macbeth of Mtsensk 1934.

Sieyès, Joseph. 1748-1836. French abbé. What is the Third Estate? called for democracy 1789. Drafted Declaration of the Rights of Man. Helped organize Napoleon’s coup.

Slansky Trial. 1952. Jewish Czech communists purged during Stalin anti-semitism. Those executed were restored to party membership 1968.

Smith, Joseph. 1805-44. US Founder of Mormonism. Wrote Book of Mormon by divine revelation 1830. Murdered.

Spode, Josiah. 1754-1829. British discoverer of bone china 1794.

Stalin, Joseph. 1879-1953. Soviet bloodthirsty revolutionary. Leader 1924-. 5 Year Plans modernized Russia. 1928 Collectivization. 1932- Dictator. 1936-8 Purge. Turned Marxism to Nationalism and Imperialism. World Socialist Revolution under USSR. 1952 abolished Politburo.

Strauss, Joseph. 1870-1938. Golden Gate Bridge 1937.

Tariff Reform League. 1903-6. Chamberlain presses for Imperial Preference.

Tascher de la Pagerie. Joséphine.

Thomson, Joseph. 1856-1940. English discoverer that cathode rays are electrons 1897.

Tito, Josip Broz. 1892-1980. Yugoslav WWII Partisan leader. Led government 1945-. President 1953-, for life 1974-. Defied Stalin 1948.

Trotsky. Lev Bronstein. 1879-1940. Russian Bolshevik revolutionary, with Lenin anti-Stalin. “Worldwide Permanent Revolution”-socialism in Russia requires revolution everywhere. Favoured International Communism over Stalin’s Russian nationalism. Organized First Soviet 1905. Twice banished to Siberia by Czar. 1918 War Commissar...Red Army. Banished by Stalin 1929. Murdered in exile in Mexico.

Turner, Joseph. 1775-1851. English Romantic landscape painter. Original use of color. Reflections on water. Mature style more abstract. Snowstorm 1812. Rain, Speed, Smoke 1844.

Wedgwood, Josiah. 1730-95. English potter, developed new style, 1763. Automation, 1769, begins Industrial Revolution.

Yalta Conference. 1945. Churchill, Roosevelt, Stalin. Decided partition of Europe after WWII. USSR enters war vs Japan. Potsdam. San Francisco Peace.

Yezhovshchina. 1936-8. Stalin’s Purge led by NKVD chief Yezhovshchina.

Yugoslavia. Balkans. 1918 Kingdom of Serbs, Croats, Slovenes. 1929 =Yugoslavia. 1929-31 Dictatorship. 1941-45 Italy, Germany occupy. 1945 Socialist Federation of Republics. 1948 Broke Soviet ties. 1991 -Croatia, Slovenia, Civil war. Serbia. Croatia. Bosnia-Hercegovina. Slovenia. Macedonia. Montenegro. Tito. Kosovo.

ZAPU. Patriotic Front. Zimbabwe African People’s Union. 1961-. Founded by Nkomo vs white minority rule in Rhodesia. 1987 Merged with ZANU.

Zelaya, José. 1853-1919. Nicaraguan president 1894-1909. Attempted to unify Central America by force and revolution 1909.

Zinoviev, Grigori. 1883-1936. Russian triumvir with Stalin, Kamenev 1919-26. Executed in Purge. COMINTERN chairman 1919-.