Heem, Jan de. 1606-83. Dutch still life painter.

Helen of Troy. Greek wife of Menelaus. Eloped with Paris to Troy causing Trojan War.

Helmont, Jan van. 1580-1644. Flemish discoverer of CO2.

Henry VIII. 1491-1547. King of England 1509-. Executed Thomas More. Established Church of England. Dissolved monasteries. Six wives: Catherine of Aragon, Anne Boleyn, Jane Seymour, Anne of Cleves, Catherine Howard, Catherine Parr.

Hungarian Uprising. 1703-11. Ferenc Rákóczi II led vs Hapsburg centralism. No real change achieved. 1956. Student-led revolt crushed by Russian troops. Kádár puppet government established. Nagy executed.

Huss, Jan. 1372-1415. Bohemian priest. Burnt for advocating Wycliffe. Hussite Wars.

Iliad. 8C BC. Homer’s epic of Trojan War.

Inauguration Day. Jan 20. US president takes office after election.

Janácek, Leos. 1854-1928. Czech folk-influenced opera composer. Jenufa 1904.

Janissaries. 1330-1826. Ottoman sultan’s powerful bodyguard. First recruited from Christian children. Massacred by Mahmud II after revolt.

Jansen, Cornelis. 1585-1638. Dutch theologian whose theses created Jansenism. Augustinus 1640.

Jansenism. 1640-1730. Sought return to severity of Augustine. Opposed Jesuits. Gallicanism. Arnauld. Suppressed by Louis XIV. Pascal. Quesnel.

Janssen, Zacharias. 1580-1638. Dutch. Compound microscope 1590.

January Insurrection. 1863-4. Unsuccessful Polish revolution vs Russia.

Janus. Roman god with two faces to guard doorways, beginnings and endings.

Jennings, Jane. Canadian author. Pocket Guide to World History 1986-2009.

Kadar, János. 1912-89. Hungarian Prime Minister 1956~65. Communist First Secretary.

Laocoön. Trojan priest, distrusted Trojan Horse. Killed with sons by serpents.

Mahmud II. 1785-1839. Ottoman sultan 1808-. Lost Greece, Syria. Destroyed Janissaries.

Mannerism. 16C Exaggerated colorful painting style emphasizing craft, decorum. Palissy. Dürer. Cellini. Bruegel.

Murad I. 1326-89. Ottoman sultan 1360-. Extended empire. Founded Janissaries.

Nationalism. Musical movement to reflect national or ethnic spirit. Especially 16C and 19C. Grieg. Sibelius.

Neoptolemus. Mythic Greek hero. Killed Priam in Trojan War.

Oldenbarneveldt, Jan van. 1547-1619. Dutch statesman vs Spanish occupation. Negotiated Treaty of Utrecht.

Paris. Son of Priam. Carried Helen back to Troy, starting the Trojan Wars. Shot Achilles. Judged first beauty contest.

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