Louis-Philippe. 1773-1850. French King 1830-48. 1790 Jacobin liberal who became absolutist monarch. Supported by bourgeoisie, defeated by workers in Revolt.

Maccabees. -63BC Jewish family. Led revolt vs Seleucids 168BC. Reconsecrated Temple of Jerusalem.

Mackenzie, William Lyon. 1795-1861. Led failed revolt vs Family Compact in Upper Canada 1837.

Marcel, Étienne. 1316-58. French draper who led unsuccessful Paris revolt vs Dauphin Charles V, 1355-8, while John II captured by English. Assassinated.

Mary Stuart. 1542-87. Queen of Scots 1542-67. Abdicated. Married Francis II. Queen of France 1559-60. Married Darnley 1565. Married Bothwell 1567, causing Scottish Revolt. Beheaded with Babington by Elizabeth I. Mother of James I.

Mau-Mau Revolt. 1952-6. Kenya Kikuyu rebel vs Britain. Kenyatta jailed.

Messenian Wars. 735-715BC. Sparta dominates Messenia. 650-600BC Sparta crushes revolt.

Mitlosh. 1780-1860. Serbian prince. Led revolt against Turkey 1827.

Montfort, Simon de. c1208-65. English leader of revolt vs Henry III. Model Parliament was first representative parliament. Defeated and captured at Evesham 1265. Barons War.

Moriscos. 1492-1614. Moors in Spain forcibly converted to Catholicism after Reconquista. Secretly remained Moslem. Revolted 1569. Deported 1609-14.

Morocco. c2000BC Berbers. c12C BC Phoenecians settle. 1C BC Rome. 5C Vandal. 533 Byzantine. 682 Moslem. 739 Berber revolt. 788 Idrisid dynasty. 1061 Almoravid. 1147 Almohad. 1269 Marinids. 1550 Saadis. 1666 Alawis. 1668 Berber. 18C French influence. 1912 Spanish(N)/French protectorate. 1956 Independent. Ceuta. Melilla.

Müntzer, Thomas. 1488-1525. Anabaptist founder 1520. Supremacy of inner light vs scripture. Peasant Revolt 1524. Executed.

Nika Riot. 532. Constantinople. Revolt vs Emperor Justinian. 30,000 executed.

OAS. Organisation de l’Armée Secrète. 1961-9. Right-wing terrorist anti-Gaullist group founded by Salan. Failed revolt in Algeria 1961.

Olivares, Conde de. 1587-1645. Spanish Prime Minister 1625-43. Policies of warfare, tax caused revolt.

O’Neill, Hugh. c1540-1616. Irish. Led failed revolt vs English rule.

Ortega y Gasset, José. 1883-1955. Spanish philosopher: Terra de Nuestra Tiempo 1923. Revolt of the Masses 1929.

Pacification of Ghent. 1576. Catholic, Protestant truce in Netherlands to revolt vs Spanish occupiers.

Panama. 1501 Bastidas discovers. 1510 Spanish settle. 1821 Gran Colombia. 1930 Colombia. 1903 US aided revolt, Independence. 1903-79 US administered Canal Zone. 1989 US invasion restores elected government.

Papineau, Louis. 1786-1871. French-Canadian nationalist. Led 1837 revolt vs Britain in Lower Canada.

Peasants’ Revolt. 1381. Led by Wat Tyler vs poll tax. Tyler killed by London mayor in king’s presence. Richard II makes concessions but doesn’t follow through.

Philip II. 1527-98. Spanish king. Revolt, 1579. Married Mary I of England. Sent Armada against Elizabeth I, 1588. Counter-Reformation champion.

Poland, Partitions of. 1772 Russia, Prussia, Austria take a third each. 1793 Russia, Prussia invade to restore conservative rule. 1795 After revolt, Austria, Prussia, Russia. divide remainder.

Pontiac. c1720-69. American Indian chief. Led revolt vs British 1763-6.

Potidaea. 432BC. Revolt vs Athens. Second Peloponnesian War.

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