DeLeon, Daniel. 1852-1914. US Marxist. Founded IWW. Editor The People.

Descartes, René. 1596-1650. French Rationalist philosopher, physician, mathematician. Cartesian coordinates. Discourse on Method 1637. “Cogito ergo sum”-I think, therefore I am. Analytical Geometry 1636. Meditations 1641. Principia Philosophica 1645.

Diderot, Denis. 1713-84. French writer, editor of Encyclopédie 1745-72 based on Chambers’. Rameau’s nephew.

Ecuador. 1000 Quito Indian kingdom. 15C Inca. 1534 Spain. 1822 Independent «Gran Colombia. 1830 Republic. 1832 +Galapagos.

Ericsson, John. 1803-89. Swedish/US. Invented screw propeller, designed Monitor.

Fascism. 1919-45. Totalitarian movement combining Socialist theories and Nationalism. State as highest value. Mussolini. Falange. Nazism.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Finlay, Carlos. 1833-1915. Cuban. Discovered that Yellow Fever is transmitted by mosquitoes 1881. Reed.

Ford, Ford Madox. 1873-1939. English writer and editor. Transatlantic Review 1924.

Frederick III. 1609-70. King of Norway and Denmark, 1648-. Lost much of territory to Sweden.

French Community. 1958-. France + Overseas departments + former territories.

French Polynesia. c3C Polynesians settle. 1521 Magellan discovers. 1595 Spanish discover Marquesas. 1767 British discover Tahiti. 1880/81 French colony. 1946 French Overseas Territory.

French Union. 1946-58. France + Protectorates + overseas Territories. French Community.

Gabon. Mpongwe. 1485 Portugal. 1839 France 1889 «Congo. 1910 French Equatorial Africa. 1940 Free France. 1946 French Territory. 1960 Independent republic.

Helsinki Group. 1976. Soviet dissidents who monitor human rights aspect of Helsinki Accord. Orlov. Shscharansky.

Hengist and Horsa. 5C. Legendary Jute brothers, founded Kent. Fought Britons.

Hirohito. 1901-89. Emperor of Japan, 1926-. Renounced his own divinity. WWII.

Imperialism. 19C European movement to expand control over larger territories.

Index Librorum Prohibitorium. 1564-1966. Vatican list of prohibited reading.

Indian Removal Act. 1830. US moves all Indians to Indian Territory.

Indian Territory. 1834. Originally all territory west of Mississippi. Later, reservations in Oklahoma.

Jansenism. 1640-1730. Sought return to severity of Augustine. Opposed Jesuits. Gallicanism. Arnauld. Suppressed by Louis XIV. Pascal. Quesnel.

Jesuit Order. Society of Jesus.1534-. Founded by Loyola. Vows of poverty, chastity, and perfect obedience to Pope. Missionary and educational work. Dissolved 1773; restored 1814.

Jonson, Ben. 1572-1637. English poet, dramatist: Drink to me Only with Thine Eyes. Every Man in his Humour 1601. Alchemist 1610. 1598 escaped gallows by Benefit of Clergy.

Juárez, Benito. 1806-72. Mexican hero. Leader 1855~. Overthrew Santa Anna. La Reforma.

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