Shogun. Japanese military leaders. 794 Otomaro. 1192-1867 Ruled Japan.

Social Contract. Hobbes political philosophy. Compact between ruler and ruled. Locke.

Somoza, Anastasio. 1896-1956. Nicaraguan president. 1936~. Sons ruled to 1979.

Stephen II. Pope 752-57. First to rule Papal states.

Struensee, Johann. 1737-72. German physician to Danish king. Ruled Denmark 1770-. Executed for adultery with queen.

Stuart. Family which ruled Scotland 1371-1714, England 1603-1714.

Supreme Privy Council. 1726-30. Effectively ruled Russia after Peter the Great’s death without heir.

Talât Pasha. 1874-1921. Young Turk leader. Ruled with Triumvirate 1913-18.

Temporary Rules. 1882-1912. Russian anti-Jewish restrictions after pogrom 1881.

Thirty Tyrants. 404-403BC. Ruled Athens after defeat by Sparta.

Thomas, James. 1700-48. British poet. Seasons. Rule Britannia.

Thrasybulus. -388BC. Refounded Athenian democracy 403BC after 30 Tyrants’ rule.

Three Principles of the People. 1923. Sun Yat-sen: Nationalism, freedom from Imperial rule; Democracy; Livelihood.

Tibet. 7C-838 Buddhist kingdom. 9C Divided. 1247 Mongol. 14C Yellow Hats established. 1642 5th Dalai Lama becomes ruler. 1715 Chinese suzerainty. 1792 Closed to foreigners. 1951 Autonomous within China. 1959 China crushes revolt. 1987~9 Riots vs Chinese rule.

Tudor. Welsh dynasty. Ruled England 1485-1603.

Tupac Amaru. c1742-81. Peruvian Indian revolutionary vs Spanish rule 1780-1. Mutilated, drawn, quartered, beheaded.

Tyrant. Originally any Greek ruler who seized power illegally. 5CBC- came to signify a cruel ruler.

Utrecht, Union of. 1579. United Provinces alliance created vs Spanish rule in Netherlands.

Vasa. 1523-1818. Swedish dynasty. Ruled Poland 1587-1668. Dominated 17C Baltic.

Vitry, Philippe de. 1291-1361. French composer, codified rules of composition. Ars Nova 1320.

Vladimir I, St. 956-1015. First Christian Russian ruler. Ordered people to convert.

Walesa, Lech. 1943-. Polish Solidarity leader instrumental in forcing decline of Communist rule. President 1990-96.

Wessex. 495- Anglo-Saxon kingdom in south England. 829 +Mercia. 927 Conquered Danes to rule England. Ethelred. Alfred. Athelstan.

Whittington, Richard. 1358-1423. London Lord Mayor. Legend of merchant selling his cat for fortune to rat- plagued Moroccan ruler, he marries merchant’s daughter, becomes Lord Mayor.

William II. (Wilhelm). 1859-1941. German Emperor 1888-1918. Dismissed Bismarck. Sought world leadership. Precipitated WWI. Abdicated. -“I rule by God’s grace”.

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