Legion of Honour. French national order instituted by Napoleon, 1802. Five ranks: Grands Croix, Grands Officiers, Commandeurs, Officiers, Chevaliers.

Livonian Knights. 1202-1561. German religious order to Christianize Baltic. Livonia.

Logos. Greek force of cosmic order and reason. Link between God and man. Philo.

London Protocol. 1830. Established independent Greece as Kingdom. 1832 Set Greek borders.

Loyola, St. Ignatius. 1491-1556. Spanish soldier, founder of ascetic Jesuit Order, army of God working directly for the Pope. Spiritual Exercises 1548.

Mason-Dixon Line. 1763-7. MD-PA border named for its 2 surveyors. 1820- Separated slave/free states.

Mendicant Friars. 13C-. Religious orders depending on alms. Franciscans, Dominicans, Augustinians, Carmelites.

Molay, Jacques de. 1243-1314. Last Grand Master of the Order of Templars. Burned.

Molinism. Doctrine of Spanish Jesuit, Molina 1535-1600. Reconciled free will and divine grace.

Neoclassical. 17-18C. French-originated revival of classical order of arts, architecture. Order, balance, simplicity. Poussin. David. Molière. Adam. 1920-. Music based on 18C style + popular taste. Milhaud. Stravinsky. Les Six.

New World Order. 1940. Germany, Italy, Japan plan for world domination.

Oder-Neisse Line. 1945- Polish-German border established by Potsdam Conference.

Oregon Question. 1818-46. Britain vs US on Canadian border. Treaty established 49°N 1846.

Panthéon. 1758-89. Paris. Soufflot. Ordered by Louis XV after recovering from illness.

Paris, Treaties. 1229 Ends Albigensian Crusade. Louis gains Toulouse. 1327. England loses territory to France. 1763 Ends Seven Years War. Britain gets French holdings in Canada. Spain gets American territory. 1783 Ends American Revolution. US borders fixed. 1814 Ends Napoleonic Wars, restoring 1792 borders. Napoleon exiled to Elba. 1815 Ends Hundred Days. 1790 borders, reparations. Napoleon to St. Helena. 1856 Ends Crimean War. Black Sea neutral. Regulated Laws of High Seas. 1898 Ends Spanish American War. Spain cedes Cuba, Philippines, Puerto Rico to US. 1947. Settled European borders after WWII.

Preachers, Order of. = Dominicans.

Pyrenees, Treaty. 1659. Established French/Spanish border ending 24 year war.

Rapallo Treaty. 1920. Italy,Yugoslavia establish free city of Rijeka, settle borders. 1922 Normalized relations of Germany, USSR. Cancelled war indemnities.

Ricci, Matteo. 1552-1610. Italian Jesuit missionary to China.

Robert, Henry. 1837-1923. US writer. Robert’s Rules of Order 1876.

Rose of Lima, St. 1586-1617. Peruvian Dominican mystic. First American native saint. Patron Saint of South America.

Rush-Bagot, Convention. 1817. Demilitarized Canada-US border.

Rutherford, Ernest. 1871-1937. NZ/English physicist. Beta rays 1899, Nuclear theory of atom1911.

San Francisco, Peace. 1951. Japanese 1854 borders restored.

Siberia. 13C Mongol(S)...Golden Horde(W)/ Yüan(E). 1483 Russia explores. 1581 Khanate overthrown. 1689 Russo-Chinese border settled. 1891-1905 Trans-Siberian Railway.

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