Hofer, Andreas. 1767-1810. Austrian. Led peasant rebellions vs French and Bavarians 1809-10.

Hofmann, Hans. 1880-1966. German/US improvising painter. Influenced Abstract Expressionism.

Hogue, La. Battle. 1692. England defeats French navy to prevent invasion.

Hohenlinden, Battle. 1800. French defeat Austria. Last major battle of War of 2nd Coalition.

Holberg, Ludvig. 1684-1754. Norwegian/Danish poet, historian. ’Foundation of Danish Literature’. Peder Paars 1719.

Hollerith, Herman. 1860-1929. US founder of IBM. Punched cards for tabulation 1890.

Holocaust. 1939-45. Nazi killing of of Jews, minorities, opponents and POWs in concentration camps. Final Solution. 5.8 million Jews and 5-11 million non-Jews.

Holy Leagues. 1495 Repelled French invasion of Italy. 1511 Forced France from Italy. 1520 Spanish cities vs HRE. 1526 Failed to force HRE from Italy. 1538 Opposed Schmalkaldic League. 1571 vs Turks. 1576 Opposed Protestantism in France. 1609 vs Protestant Union. 1684 vs Ottomans.

Honduras.<6000BC Inhabited. 4C Mayan. 1502 Columbus discovers. 1524 Spanish settle. 16C Slaves brought. 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1838 Republic. >100 coups.

Honorius I. Pope 625-638. Condemned posthumously as heretic. Infallibility questioned.

Hooke, Robert. 1635-1703. English inventor of balance spring watch. Diffraction 1672. Wave theory of light.

Hoover, Herbert. 1874-1964. US President 1929-33. Hoover Dam. St. Lawrence Seaway. Opposed direct federal aid to unemployed during Depression.

Hopper, Grace. 1906-92. US Admiral. Pioneer computer programmer 1944. “Debugged” Mark I by removing moth.

Howard, Charles. 1536-1624. English. Commanded expedition vs Spanish Armada.

Hu Yaobang. 1915-89. Liberal Chinese Communist Party chairman. Death led to Tiananmen demonstrations.

Hubbard, L Ron. 1911-86. Science Fiction writer. Founded Scientology. Dianetics, the Modern Science of Mental Health.

Hughes, Howard. 1905-76. US millionaire recluse. Movies, aviation.

Huguenots. 1510-18C. Persecuted French Calvinist Protestants. 300,000 expelled 1685. Bartholomew’s Day Massacre. Wars of Religion. Edict of Nantes. Henry of Navarre. Declaration of Rights of Man, 1789.

Hukbalahap Rebellion. 1946-54. Unsuccessful Communist guerillas vs Roxas in Philippines.

Human Rights. Agreed natural rights for all mankind. Stoics. Declaration of the Rights of Man 1789. Bill of Rights 1791. Buisson. Universal Declaration of Human Rights 1948. Amnesty International.

Humanism. 14C-. Philosophy. Mankind at the center of consciousness. Mankind can live ethically without recourse to the supernatural. Belief in personal worth of individual. Rational, creative. Petrarch.

Humble Petition. 1657. English Constitution of Protectorate. Cromwell as Lord Protector.

Hundred Days. 1815. March 20 to July 8; Napoleon’s escape from Elba to his second abdication. 1933. Began Roosevelt’s administration. New Deal enacted.

Hung Hsiu-ch’üan. 1814-64. Led Tai-Ping Rebellion. Claimed to be Christ’s brother. Founded new religion based on Chinese unity.

Hunter’s Lodge. 1838. Secret US organization to overthrow British in Canada. 2 Attacks repulsed.

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