Church of England. 1534. Anglican Church. National English church, founded by Henry VIII. Redefined by Elizabeth I, 1559. Act of Supremacy.

Church of Scotland. National Church of Scotland. Reformation led by Knox. 1560 Abolished pope. 1689 Presbyterian.

CIA. Central Intelligence Agency. 1947-. US information gathering agency. Replaced OSS. National Security Act. Activities: 1953 Iran. 1954 Guatemala. 1967 Guevara. 1973 Chile. 1976 Nigeria.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Ciompi, Revolt. 1378. Florence. Lower class rebellion led to democratic government.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Clan-na-Gael. 1883- US Irish terrorist organization.

Clapham Sect. 1790-1830. Wilberforce’s social reformers and missionaries.

Clare, Richard de. 1222-62. Led Barons. Provisions of Oxford.

Clarendon Constitution. 1164. Henry II limits church power in England. Opposed by Becket.

Clarke, Arthur C. 1917-2008. British science fiction writer. Predicted geosynchronous satellites 1945. 2001: A Space Odyssey 1968.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Classicism. Art and architecture in imitation of Greek and Roman styles. Neoclassical.

Clear Grits Movement. 1848-51. Canadian political movement for representation by population.

Cleisthenes. Athenian. First democratic constitution 509BC. Introduced ostracism.

Clement VII. Antipope 1378-94. Avignon. Election caused Great Schism.

Clinton, Henry. 1738-95. Commander 1778-81. Blamed for British defeat in American Revolution.

Club of Rome. Published 1972 Limits to Growth showing the dangers of overpopulation.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Coldstream Guards. 1650. Marched to London to restore Charles II.

Collins, Michael. 1890-1922. Led Easter Rebellion. First Prime Minister of Irish Free State 1922. Assassinated by extremists.

Colombo, Matteo. c1516-59. Described pulmonary circulation.

Colombo Plan. 1951-77. Commonwealth plan to improve living conditions in SE Asia, check spread of communism.

Columba, St. c521-597. Irish monk. Missionary to Scotland.

1913 more results ...