Carrera, Rafael. 1814-65. Guatemala revolutionary. Dictator 1840-. Ended CAF, Guatemala independent.

Carrhae, Battle. 53BC. Failed Roman invasion of Parthia. Crassus killed. End of first triumvirate.

Cartwright, John. 1740-1824. English reformer for universal male suffrage, abolition of slavery.

Casablanca, Conference. 1943. Allies agree to fight Axis and Japan to unconditional surrender.

Cassius, Gaius. c42BC. Led assassination of Julius Caesar. Suicide.

Caste System. Hereditary social division, esp. in Hindu India. Brahman. Kshatriyas. Vaisyas. Sudras. Untouchables.

Castiglione. 1796. Napoleonic victory kept Austria out of Italy.

Castiglione, Baldassare. 1478-1529. Italian writer. Ideal court gentleman. Il Cortigiano 1528.

Castro, Fidel. 1926-. Cuban lawyer. Cuban Revolution. Dictator 1959-.

Cather, Willa. 1873-1947. US novelist. O Pioneers 1913.

Catholic Emancipation Act. 1829. Catholics readmitted to English Parliament. Test Act. O’Connell.

Catholic Reformation. Counter Reformation.

Catt, Carrie. 1859-1947. US feminist leader. 19th Amendment.

CCF. 1932. Cooperative Commonwealth Federation. Canadian Socialist party. 1961 =New Democratic Party.

Celts. Central European peoples who settled Spain, Gaul, Asia Minor 3000BC, and invaded Great Britain c3C BC. Plundered Rome 390BC. Thrived in Britain. after Romans. Invaded Greece 279-276BC. Forced to Wales by Invasions 5C. = Roman “Gauls”.

CENTO. 1955-79. Central Treaty Organization. Based on Baghdad Pact 1955. Turkey, Iran, U.K., Palestine defence.

Central America Federation. 1823-40. Guatemala, El Salvador, Honduras, Nicaragua, Costa Rica.

Cezanne, Paul. 1839-1906. French Post-Impressionist painter. Illusion of depth by color. Card Players 1892.

CGT. 1895. Confédération Générale du Travail. Largest French union organization.

Chadwick, Edwin. 1800-90. English campaigner for cleanliness to prevent disease. Poor Law Commission, 1832-46. Board of Health 1848-54.

Challenger Expedition. 1872-6. Oceanic survey of currents, depths, temps.

Chamberlain, Houston. 1855-1927. British/German antisemite pro-Aryan philosopher. Foundation of the Nineteenth Century, 1899.

Chambord, Count de. 1820-83. Claimed French throne; inflexibility led to failure of Bourbon restoration negotiations 1874.

Champollion, Jean. 1790-1832. French. Deciphered Egyptian hieroglyphics. Rosetta Stone.

Channel Islands. 911 Norman. 1066 England. Autonomous British crown possession.

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