Furetière, Antoine. 1619-88. French satirist/lexicographer. Nouvelle Allégorique 1658. Universal Dictionary 1684.

Fürstenbund. “League of Princes” 1785. Prussian-led association of German states vs Joseph II.

Futurism. 1909-1915. Italian artistic movement founded by Marinetti. Glorified machine age, war and violence. Exemplified by simultaneity of images like strobe effect. Boccioni, Balla.

Gabriel. Archangel. God’s messenger. Made Annunciation to Mary, and revealed Koran to Muhammad.

Gabrieli, Giovanni. c1557-1612. Nephew of A. Wrote sacred symphonies of voice and instrument.

Gag Rules. 1836-44. Prevented discussion of anti-slavery bills in US Congress.

Gage, Thomas. 1721-87. English general, Governor of Massachussets. 1774-5. Siezed munitions at Concord, American Revolution.

Galileo Galilei. 1564-1642. Italian physicist. Planetary motion. Thermometer 1592. Acceleration of falling bodies 1604. Astronomical telescope 1609. Sunspots 1610. Arrested for heliocentricity, 1632. Rehabilitated by Vatican 1992. Copernicus.

Gallican Confession. 1559. French Calvinists’ statement of faith.

Galloway, Joseph. c1731-1803 British loyalist leader in American Revolution. Peaceful settlement proposal defeated.

Gallup, George. 1901-84. US public opinion pollster 1932-.

Galt, Alexander. 1817-93. British/Canadian statesman, father of Canadian Confederation.

Galvani, Luigi. 1737-98. Italian physiologist. Electrical stimulation of frog’s legs 1780.

Gandhi, Mohandas. 1869-1948. Indian patriot and non-violent philosopher. Home Rule. Opposed Partition. Assassinated.

Gang of Four. Chinese leaders, including Mao’s widow, convicted 1980 of Cultural Revolution abuses.

Garigliano, Battle. 1503. Spain defeats French invasion and wins Naples.

Garnier, Franis. 1839-73. French sailor, conquered Tonkin.

Garvey, Marcus. 1887-1940. Jamaican/US black nationalist. Back to Africa Movement.

Gaspee. British boat burned 1772 by American rebels. Response, Intolerable Acts.

Gastein, Convention. 1865. Schleswig-Holstein divided between Prussia and Austria.

Gates, Horatio. c1728-1806. American Revolution general at Saratoga. Conway Cabal.

GATT. General Agreement on Trade and Tarrifs. 1948-95. Regulates trade tarrifs under UN. WTO.

Gaudi, Antonio. 1852-1926. Barcelona architect: Sagrada Familia 1883-; Casa Mila 1905-7.

Gauguin, Paul. 1848-1903. French Post-Impressionist painter typified by abstracted figures and flat planes of color. Tahitian Landscape. Day of the God 1894.

Gaul. Celtic populated region = modern France, Belgium, W Germany, N Italy.

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