Ferdinand I. c1016-1065. King of Castile and Leon. Began expulsion of Moors.

Ferdinand II of Aragon. 1452-1516. Unified Spain with Isabella. Equipped Columbus. Expelled Moors and Jews. Began Inquisition.

Ferdinand VII. 1784-1833. Spanish King, 1808, 1814-33. Favoured Isabella II to succeed. Carlist Wars led to loss of Spanish power and possessions.

Ferry, Jules. 1832-93. French premier 1880~5. Expanded empire. Compulsory secular education 1882. Dissolved Jesuits.

Fertile Crescent. 8000BC- ME region from Nile to Euphrates. Birthplace of civilization.

Festival of Federation. 14 July,1790. Celebration of first anniversary of Storming the Bastille. 300,000 people.

Fetterman Massacre. 1866. Red Cloud-led Sioux kill 80 US Soldiers.

Feuerbach, Ludwig. 1804-72. German philosopher. God is illusion. Immortality of man is only through works and offspring. Thoughts on Death 1830.

Fichte, Johann. 1762-1814. German Nationalist Idealist philosopher. Influenced Totalitarianism. Addresses to the German Nation 1807-8.

Ficino, Marsilio. 1433-99. Italian philosopher. Translated Greek classics to Latin. Theologia Platonicum 1482.

Fifteen Years War. 1591-1606. Austria vs Turkey over Transylvania. Stopped Turkish expansion in Europe.

Fifth Monarchy Men. 1645- English Puritan Millenialist anarchists. Venner led rebellions 1657,61.

Filibuster. Obstruction of bill passage by prolonged debate in US Senate.

Filibusters. 1850s. US adventurers who illegally organized revolutions in Central America. Walker.

Filioque. “and from the son” added to Nicene Creed in 6C, causing East-West Schism.

Final Solution. 1941-45. Systematic slaughter of Jews and minorities by Nazis. Holocaust.

Fingerprints. 8C Chinese used as signatures. 1870 Indian classification system. 1901 Galton-Henry System, Scotland Yard.

Finn MacCool. 3C. Leader of Irish warriors, subject of Fenian legends.

Finsen, Niels. 1860-1904. Danish originator of ultraviolet therapy. Invented U-V bulb.

Fiorentino, Rosso. 1495-1540. Italian/French Fontainebleau painter.

Fire of London. 1666. Four days. 87 churches. 13,200 houses. 100,000 homeless. Rebuilt in 10 years. 1136 fire was previously known as Great Fire of London.

First Coalition. 1792. European countries opposed to French Revolution.

Fitzgerald, Thomas. 1513-37. Irish. Led rebellion vs Henry VIII 1534-5.

Flagellants. 13C-. Christian sects who practise self-whipping as means of salvation.

Flanders. Historical region of France, Belgium, Neth. 13C Cloth industry. Ghent. Bruges.

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