Egmont, Graaf van. 1522-68. Flemish. Opposed Protestant persecution. Execution led to revolt vs Spain.

Ehrlich, Paul. 1854-1915. German bacteriologist. Salvarsan syphilis treatment, 1909. Idea of specific drugs as “magic bullets”.

Eichmann, Adolf. 1906-62. Nazi war criminal. Kidnaped in Argentina. Tried in Jerusalem. Executed.

Eiffel Tower. 1889. 320.75m high. 1652 steps. Opened for World Exhibition, Paris.

Einstein, Albert. 1879-1955. German/Swiss/US physicist. Special Theory of Relativity 1905. Quantum theory 1905. General Theory of Relativity 1916. Pacifist, Zionist.

Einthoven, Willem. 1860-1927. Dutch. Invented electrocardiograph, 1903.

Eisner, Kurt. 1867-1919. German Socialist Revolutionary leader. First Bavarian Prime Minister.

Eistedfodd. 6C-. Congress of Welsh bards and minstrels to foster patriotic spirit.

El Salvador. Nahua, Pipil, Maya. 1524 Spain 1821 Mexican Empire. 1823 CAF. 1840 Independent. 1980-92 Civil war.

Eleatics. 5C BC. Greek philosophers. Change is an illusion. Zeno. Xenophanes.

Elgar, Edward. 1857-1934. Choral composer. Established a new English tradition: Dream of Gerontius 1900, Apostles 1903, Kingdom 1906.

Eliot, George. (Mary Ann Evans). 1819-90. English psychological novelist: Adam Bede 1859; Silas Marner 1861. Translated Strauss.

Eliot, John. 1592-1632. English Puritan leader. Parliamentary liberties.

Eliot, T.S. 1888-1965. US/English modernist poet, playwright. Prufrock 1910. Ash Wednesday 1930. Murder in the Cathedral 1935.

Élysée Palace. 1718. Site of Napoleon’s abdication 1815. French president’s residence since 1873.

Emancipation Act. 1833. Freed slaves in British Empire.

Emancipation Edict. 1861. Freed Russian serfs. Gave land allotment, paid by loans.

Emancipation Proclamation. 1863. Lincoln frees all slaves in Confederacy.

Émigrés. Royalist sympathizers who fled France during Revolution.

Emmet, Robert. 1778-1803. Leader of failed Irish nationalist uprising. Executed.

Empire. Style of Art. 1804-14. Classical heroic grandiose trend from Napoleon’s court. Arc de Triomphe, 1806.

Encyclopédists. 1751-72. Group who wrote encyclopaedia under Diderot. Voltaire, Helvetius, D’Alembert. As sceptics, they popularized social ideas which led to the French Revolution.

Enesco, Georges. 1881-1955. Romanian folk theme composer. National style.

Engels, Friedrich. 1820-95. German socialist philosopher. Communist Manifesto 1848. Marx. Coined “Industrial Revolution” 1845. Finished Das Kapital 1894.

English Civil War. 1642-9. King vs Parliament. Charles beheaded. Monarchy abolished. Commonwealth. Cromwell. Covenanters.

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