Ciceronian Period. 70-43BC. First great age of Latin literature.

Cid, El. (Rodrigo Diaz de Vivar). c1043-99. Spanish hero, who fought for Moors and Christians. Idealized in 1140 epic El Cantar de mio Cid. Conquered and ruled Valencia 1094-99.

Cimabue, Giovanni. c1240-1302. Italian painter. Broke from Byzantine to natural style by characterizing individuals. St. John. Pisa Cathedral. Sta Trinita Madonna c1290.

Cinque Ports. 1067-1608. Association of English Channel ports to defend England.

Ciompi, Revolt. 1378. Florence. Lower class rebellion led to democratic government.

Civil Rights Acts. US. 1866 Black citizenship. 1964 Ends all legal discrimination. 1968 Bans housing discrimination. 1991 Equal employment.

Clan-na-Gael. 1883- US Irish terrorist organization.

Clapham Sect. 1790-1830. Wilberforce’s social reformers and missionaries.

Clare, Richard de. 1222-62. Led Barons. Provisions of Oxford.

Clarendon Code. 1661-5. Suppressed religious dissent in England. Five Mile Act.

Clarendon Constitution. 1164. Henry II limits church power in England. Opposed by Becket.

Clarke, Arthur C. 1917-2008. British science fiction writer. Predicted geosynchronous satellites 1945. 2001: A Space Odyssey 1968.

Classical. 500-300BC Greek Art. Idealized figure sculptures. Doric, Ionic, Corinthian architecture. Praxiteles. Roman Art. 1C BC-2C AD. Greek forms; added arch. Sculpture: realistic portraits, dramatic bas-relief.

Classicism. Art and architecture in imitation of Greek and Roman styles. Neoclassical.

Clear Grits Movement. 1848-51. Canadian political movement for representation by population.

Cleisthenes. Athenian. First democratic constitution 509BC. Introduced ostracism.

Clement VII. Antipope 1378-94. Avignon. Election caused Great Schism.

Clinton, Henry. 1738-95. Commander 1778-81. Blamed for British defeat in American Revolution.

Clio. The Muse of history.

Club of Rome. Published 1972 Limits to Growth showing the dangers of overpopulation.

Coalition, Wars of. 1792-1815. European powers oppose France’s revolutionary ideas and expansion. French Revolutionary Wars. Napoleonic Wars. Third Coalition War.

Cochise. -1874. Apache warrior Indian chief.

Cod War. 1972-6. Britain upset at Iceland’s unilateral expansion of fishing limits to 50 miles.

Cohn, F. J. 1828-98. Founder of bacteriology.

Coldstream Guards. 1650. Marched to London to restore Charles II.

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