Brussels, Treaty. 1948. = Western Union. 50 year alliance of Britain, France, Belgium, Luxembourg, Netherlands. 1954 + W Germany, Italy.

Buber, Martin. 1878-1965. Austrian/Israeli philosopher. I and Thou 1923. -Man’s relation to God.

Buchenwald. 1937-45. Nazi concentration camp. Medical research, slave labour. 52,500 dead.

Bulganin, Nikolai. 1895-1975. Soviet Prime Minister 1955-8 with Khrushchev.

Bulgarian Horrors. 1876. Brutal Ottoman suppression of uprising. 15,000 killed in reprisals.

Bull. Important papal pronouncement of Church doctrine, canonizations.

Bull, John. Personification of England popularized by Arbuthnot 1712.

Bülow, Bernard. 1849-1929. Prussian Prime Minister 1900-9. Bismarckian Realpolitik. Social legislation.

Bunker Hill, Battle. 1775. Early American victory in Revolution. Putnam.

Burckhardt, Jacob. 1818-97. Swiss cultural historian. Civilization of the Renaissance in Italy 1860.

Burgundian. c1075-1125. Style of Romanesque architecture. Tall proportional.

Burgundians. French political faction. Fought Armagnacs during 100 Years War. Allied with England, 1420. Treaty of Arras 1435 with Charles VII.

Burke, Edmund. 1729-97. English conservative writer, traditionalist political philosopher. Advocated emancipation of American colonies. Founded Annual Register 1758. Reflections on Revolution in France 1790.

Burlingame, Treaty. 1868. US/Chinese friendship. Authorized Chinese immigration to US.

Burns, Robert. 1759-96. Scottish national poet: Auld Lang Syne, Comin’ Through the Rye. Kilmarnock Edition 1786.

Burr, Aaron. 1756-1836. US VP 1801-5. Tied in presidential election with Jefferson. Killed Hamilton in duel 1804. Acquitted of treason 1807.

Bushido. 12C- Samurai warrior code. Personal honour, loyalty.

Busoni, Ferruccio. 1866-1924. Italian neoclassical, anti-Romantic composer in Liszt tradition. Fantasia 1903-4.

Cabala. 12C. Jewish mystical scripture interpretation.

Caccini, Giulio. 1550-1618. Italian composer. Monodic music, early operas.

Cacus. Son of Vulcan, a notorious thief, killed by Hercules.

Cade’s Rebellion. 1450. English small property holders revolt. War of Roses.

Cadiz, Constitution. 1812-13. Limited monarchy.

Cadiz Uprising. 1820. C. Constitution reimplemented.

Cadoudal, Georges. 1771-1804. French Royalist leader. Plotted Napoleon’s assassination. Executed.

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