Institute of France. 226 members. Comprises Académie Française, 1635; Inscriptions and Belle Lettres, 1663; Science, 1666; Fine Arts 1795; Political Science, 1832. Four Nations.

Instruction. 1767. Catherine the Great’s proposal for liberal humanitarian legal reform.

Instrument of Government. 1653-7. First written constitution in Europe. Established Protectorate in England. Humble Petition.

Interactionism. Descartes. False idea that the mind affects body through pineal gland.

International. 1920-. Style of architecture. Glass and steel. Gropius. Le Corbusier.

International. Socialist revolutionary workers movements. First. 1864-76. Founded by Marx in London. Second. 1889-1914. Paris. IFTU. Revived in 1920s. Third. 1919-43. =COMINTERN. Stalin’s Vehicle for world-wide Communist Revolution. Fourth. 1938-53. Trotsky’s Transitional Program for reform.

International Brigades. 1936-9. 60,000 volunteers who opposed Franco in Spanish Civil War.

International Court of Justice. 1945-. UN appointed body to settle International disputes. World Court.

International Labour Organization. ILO. 1919- Agency of League of Nations, United Nations.

International Monetary Fund. IMF.1944. Bretton Woods. Lends money to balance foreign exchange deficits and stabilize exchange rates.

Internationale. Revolutionary song based on a poem by Pottier, 1871. Music by Degeyter.

Io. Greek lover of Zeus, changed to cow by Hera. =Isis.

Ion. 5C BC. Greek poet.

Ionesco, Eugène. 1912-94. Romanian/French dramatist of Absurd. Bald Prima Donna 1950. Rhinoceros 1959.

Ionia. 1000BC Greeks colonize. 546BC Cyrus. 479 Independent. 334 Alexander. 133BC Rome. 15C Ottomans destroyed cities.

Ionian School. 6C BC. Greek philosophers. Thales. Araximanedes. Diogenes. Explained phenomena in terms of physical forces.

Ionic Order. 6C BC. Greek architectural style. Fluted columns with scroll-shaped capital.

Iran. (Persia). 3000BC Elamite. 9C BC Median. 549 Achaemenid emp. 330 Alexander...Seleucid. 2C BC Arsacid. 224 Sassanid. 7C Moslem. 10C Local dynasties. 11C Seljuk Turks. 13C Mongol. 1501 Safavid. 1736 Nader Shah. 1795 Kajar dynasty 19C Britain, Russia dispute. 1925 Pahlavi coup. 1935 = Iran. 1979 Islamic Revolution, Khomeini dictator. Islamic Republic.

Iraq. Mesopotamia. 1920 British mandate. 1921 Kingdom = Iraq. 1932 Independent. 1958 Arab Federation 1958 Left-wing coup, Republic. 1963 Anti-Communist coup. 1979 Hussein dictator. 1990 Kuwait Invasion.

Ireland. 400BC-100 Celts. 432 Christianity. 8-14C Norse/British invade, settle. 1002 Brian Boru. 1573 English plantations. 1801 United Kingdom. 1921 Irish Free State/Northern Ireland.

Ireland, Republic. 1921 Dominion =Irish Free State. 1937 =Eire. 1949 Republic of Ireland. 1949 leaves Commonwealth.

Ireland Act. 1920. Separate government for north and south. Union Act.

Ireland Referendum. 1973. Vote in favour of Union of Northern Ireland with Britain.

Iris. Greek personification of the rainbow.

Irish Land Acts. 1870-1903. British legislation for tenant farmers vs landlords.

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